Elan Microelectronics Corporation v. Apple, Inc.

Filing 88

Declaration of Sean P. DeBruine in Support Elan Microelectronics Corporation's Opening Claim Construction Brief (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A, # 2 Exhibit B, # 3 Exhibit C, # 4 Exhibit D, # 5 Exhibit E, # 6 Exhibit F, # 7 Exhibit G, # 8 Exhibit H, # 9 Exhibit I, # 10 Exhibit J, # 11 Exhibit K, # 12 Exhibit L) filed by Elan Microelectronics Corporation. (DeBruine, Sean) (Filed on 5/7/2010) Modified on 5/10/2010 (bw, COURT STAFF).

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EXHIBIT F iltil ililtil til ilil (',) uil il]flililflfiililil] ]ililtil] llilil il] us00749565982 United States Patent Marriott et ��. TOUCH P�D FOR HANDHELD DEVICE Inventors: creg Marriott, PaloAlto, CA (US); Guy ��r-Nahum, Sa� Fra[cisco, CA (US); Steven BoIinger, San Jose, C� (10) (45) Patent Date No.: AS 7,495,659 Bz ofPatent: �eb.24,2009 10/1981 Ppper Jr (54) (75) (US) (73) (* Assignee: .{pple Inc,, Cupefino, CA (US) Subject to any disclaimer, the ten� ofthis patent is extended or adjusted und� 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 114 d�ys. ) Notice: A S 4,380,007 A 4,380,040 A 4,475,008 A 4,5'70,149 A 4,s873?a A 4,644,100 A. 4,293,734 D264,969 6/1982 Mccourty 4/1983 Steinegger 4/1983 Posser 10/1984 Doi eral. 2/1986 Tlomburg er �1. 5/t986 Moore 2/1987 B�e�ne� et al. (21) Appl. No.: 70n22,948 Nov.25,2003 (Coffin�ed) FOREIGN PAIENT DOCUMENTS (22) Fi�ed: (65) US cN May 1t39235 A l^99'7 Prior Publication Data 2005/011076841 26,2�5 (ContiDued) (51) Int. Cl. (52) (58) G09G U.S. s/00 Cl. (2006.01) OTIIER PUBLIC-{NONS 34�t7j3\ 1't�/tg.Ol Field of Cl�ssification Search ......... 345/1 56-173; 178/18.01-18.11 See application file for complete search bistory. Sylv�i�, "I�tellivisionn Intelligenl Te�evision Master Componenl Se�vice Manu�l," pp. 1,2 �d 8, 1979. (Contin�ed) P ri n ary Exan i ner-Fiegina Lj�ng. Q 4) �ttomey, Aga1t, o/ F,J'r?-Mo�ison (56) A A ^ A A A A 4,ll0.'749 A 4,115,670 A 4,121,2M A 4,129,74'7 ^ 4,158,216 A. 4,242,676 A 4.246.452 A 4,264,903 A 1,061,5?8 2;798.907 2,903,229 2,945,111 1,005,055 3.965.399 4,103,252 Refercnces Cired U,S. PATENT DOCIIMENTS 5/1913 Msclhuse� er�t. & Foe�ter (s'7) 71957 A�STRACT Schne�de. 9/1959 Landg 71960 Mccom�ck 10/1961 M�ttke 6/1976 W�lker et �1. 71978 Bobick 8/1978 J��o et �1. 9/1978 Ch�ndter 10/1978 Welch et al. 171978 pppe� 6/1979 Bigelow t2l1980 Piguer l/1981 (fdrller et �t. A touch pad system is disclosed. The system incjudes �apping the toucl� p�d jnlo trative sensor coo�dinates . The systern also includes producillg native values of the native sensol coordinates when events occul on the touch pad. The system ftrther iDcl�des filter�llg thc native v�l�es oftlrc n�tive se�sor coo�diDates based oll the lype ofeveDts that occu� o11 the touc]r pad. Tlrc sysfem addilionally includes generaljtrg a co�frol signal b�sed o� the mtive values ofthenative sensorcoordi r�ates when a desircd cvent occll�s on tl�e toucl� pad. 36 Cl�ims,9 Drawing Sheets 4/1981 Bigelow -2 12 --r I Y^ L_* X �xhib�t No' r wxness!�.� Da� Lf- t-t� �934 J. tchik� CSH 11660 IJs7,495,659B.2 Page 2 U.S, PATENT DOCI]MENTS 4;7 t9,524 A U1988 Morishin� 3/1988 4/1988 4/1988 4/1988 6/1988 et 5,632,679 A 5.640,258 A D382,550 5,65',7.012 �1. 4,7y,034 A 4,',736,19t 4,'t39,299 4,752,655 L 4,739,t9t A 47 ss,'165 4,764,7 4,798,9 Mmess er,l M�rzke et al Pu�r 5/1997 Tre�mel 6/1997 Kumshima et 8/1997 Kaneko t al. 81199'l T�r1 �1. Eventofet al. 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(4 paees). + cited by ex�mine� U.S. Patent Feb.24.200s sheet r of e as 7,495,659 82 FIG. 1 U.S. Patent r.eb.24.z00s sheet 2 or 9 IJs7,495,659B.2 tr c! I TL U.S. Patent Feb.24,2009 Sheet 3 of 9 as 7,495,659 B2 50- \ \ PRODUCE USER INPUT PERFORM ACTION BASED ON USER INPUT FIG.3 DISPLAY AT LEAST ONE GONTROL OBJECT ON GUI RECEIVE ANGULAR OR RADIAL REFERENCED USER INPUT MODIFY CONTROL OBJECT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE ABSOLUTE REFERENCED INPUT FIG.4 U.S. Patent 70\ reb.24,2009 sheet4of 9 IJ57,495,659F.2 { RECEIVE CURRENT USER LOCATION ,YES rs cur �RENT US ER \ \ LOCATIO N WTHIN THRES HHOLD FROM L� ST USER LOCA ftoN? _, NO TRANSLATE CURRENT USER LOCATION UPDATE LAST USER LOCATION SEND MESSAGE FIG.5 U.S. Patent 8eb.24,2009 Sheet 5 of 9 as7,495,659B.2 I ACTIVE signal state LOW to HIGH HIGH TOUCH PAD ASSEMBLY RESPONSE SEND BUTTON STATE AND TOUCH PAD POSITION SEND BUTTON STATE AND/OR TOUCH PAD POSITION ON CHANGE DON'T SEND MESSAGES EVEN IF STATE CHANGES DON'T SEND MESSAGES EVEN IF STATE CHANGES LOW to HIGH LOW FIG.6 EVENT PAD POSITION CHANGE BUTTON STATE CHANGE EVENT TYPE (E0) 1 EVENT VALUE (D0-D6) ABSOLUTE POSITION D6 0 D5 D4 D3 D2 DI Menu DO TOUCHED 1- UNTOUCHED O- Res. (1) Playl Pad Prev Next Pause Select FIG.7 U.S. Patent Feb.24,2009 Sheet 6 of9 I-]s7,495,659B.2 100\ I 104 105 .114 113 110 114 112 FIG- B U.S. Patent Feb.24,2009 Sheer 7 of9 as 7,495,659 B2 100 FIG.9 f-f'�-- '--*Its .'-->P ds�TiT '�4��' ri.,EiDi.� OOOO '(r.!r4 _i \. \ G'. i{..'B l :['-�Ot*, { 'i*� FrG. 10 U.S. Patent Feb.24,2oo9 sheer 8 of e IJs7,495,659B.2 FIG. 11A FIG. 118 occc coco FrG. 11C FIG. 11D U.S. Patent Feb,24,2009 Sheet 9 of 9 us7,495,659B.2 159 158 /-178 ) 184 FtG. 15 us 1 7,495,659 B2 2 In addition to allowing input poitrter moveme�rts and selectiot�s with rcspect 1o a GUI presented on a display screen, the i�put devices may also allow a user to scloll �cross the display sclee� itr the horizontal or vefical directions. For er,ample, mice may include a scroll wheel that allows a user to simply �oll the scroll wheel fo�w�rd or backward to perfomr a scroJl action. In addition, tot�ch pads m�y Fovide dedic��ted active areas that implemellt scro]ling when the user passes hjs ol het finger linearly across the active a�ea in the x and y directions. Both devices rnay also implement scrolling via horizont�l and vefic�l scroll bars �s part ofthe GUI. Using this technique, scrollitrg is implementcd by posirionjng the inputpo�nte� over TOUCH P�D I'OR EANDEELD DE}'ICE CROSS REFERENCE TO RELAIED APPLICATION 5 The prescnt application is related to Applic�tion Ser. No.: l0/l 88, I 82, entitled, "To�ch Pad fo� Handheld Device", filed Jul. l, 2002, and which is incorporated herein by �efe�ce. This application is �elated to U.S. patent applicatiotr Ser. No.: 10/256,?16, entitled ':Merhod and Sysrem for Lisf r0 Scrclli�g," filed on Sep .26,2�2, ardw\rch is incorporated lrcrein by reference. This application is also rela ted to U.S. Desig� p�tent application Ser No. 29/153,169, etrtjtled 'MED�A PLAYER," nled on Oct. 22, 2001, �nd which is inco�por�ted he�ejn by referetrce. This applicationis also related to U.S. Desig�� patent appli- r5 the desired scroll bar, selecting tJre desired scroll bar, and moving the scroll bar by moving the mouse or fitrger i� the y direction (forwards alld backwards) for vertical scrolliDg o� irl the x djrection (left �nd �ght) for boizont�l scrolliDg. cation Ser. No. 291180,558, entitled "MEDIA DEVICE,', filed on Apr 25, 2003, a�d nhich is incorporated hercin by reference, BACKGROTIND OF THE INVBNIION 1 Field ol the L�e�tion Tl�e present invention relates gene�lly to a �edia player luving a louch pad. More paticularly. Lhe preseDt i�venlion relates to i�proved touch pads. 2. Descdption ofthe Related Art There exis t today m�ny styles ofinput devices fot performing operations i� a consll�er eiectro�ic device. The ope�tio�s geneElly correspond to moving a cursor and making selections o�� display screen. By way of example, the input dwices may include buttoDs, switcl�s, keyboads, �ice, frackballs, touch pads, joy sticks, to�ch screens and the like. Each of these devices has advantages and dis�dvantages thar are taken i�to account whe�1 designing the cotrs�mer elect�onic device. l� haldheld computing devices, the input devices are Benerally selected from buttons ��d switches. Buttons and switches ate ge�e�lly mecha�ical in nature and prcvidc limited control with regards to the movement of � fures. c�rsor (or odrer selector) and maki�g selectior�s. For example, they ale geDerally dedicaled to �ovi�rg ihe c��sor in a specific Capacitive sensing to�ch pads gener�lly cont�iD several direction (e.9., arrow keys) or to making specific selections layers of matcrial. For example, the to�ch pad m�y includc a (e.g., enter, dele[e, trumbet etc.). h the case of hand-held protective shield, one or mo�e electrode layeni �Dd a cjrcuit personal digital assisrants (PDA), d�e input devices tetrd ro 45 board. Tlrc protective shield lpically covers the electrode utilize touch-sensitive display sclee�s. Whetr us�ng a to�ch layer(s), ��d tl�e electrcde layer(s) is generally rlisposed on a scree��, a user makes a selection on the display screen by fiont side ofthe circuit boa�d. As is generally well knolv& the pointirg directly to objects on the screen usirg � stylus ot prctect�ve sl�ield is the pa� ofthe to�ch pad that is totrcl�ed by finger. the � se� to implement c��ot �novemer�s or� a display s�een. lD port�ble cornputjng devices such as l�ptop compute$, s0 The electrode layer(s), on the other hand is �sed to ;nterplet the x, y position ofthe user's 6l1ger when ihe user's ji�get is the inpu t devjces are common�y touch pads. With a to�ch pad, rest�ng or �oviDg on tl� p�o tective shield. The elect�ode layel the movenlent ofan input pointer (i.e., curcor) coresponds to (s) t).pic�lly consists of a plurality of electrodes rhar are the relativc move�ents of the �ser's finger (or stylus) as the posilioned il columns ald tows so as to fo�m a grid army, The fi�ger is moved alo�rg a s�rface ofthe touch p�d. Touch pads ca� also make a selectiou on the display screerl whe]� one or 55 col�r�'r�s i�d rcws are generally based on the Caltesia� coor, dinate system and thus the rows and colu�rns co��espo[d to morc taps �re detected on the su�face of the touch pad. In some cases, �ny portioD ofthe touch pad nray be tapped, and thcx andy directioDs. ill othe� cases � dedicated pofior� of t]�e touch pad may be The touch pad m�y also incl�de sensilg electrodcs for tapped. ID stationary dwices such as deskop compute�sj the detectiDg signals associated wi th the elcctuodes. For example, ;nput devices are geler�lly selected f�om mice and trackballs. 60 the sensing elecfonics may be a d�pted to detect the chaDge ill 'With a mouse, the move�re[t ofthe input pointel corresponds capaci tance a t each oflhe electrodes as the finger passes ovet 1() the relative movemeDts of ihe mouse as ihe �lser move! the tl� g�id. The sensing electrcnics are generally loc�ted o� the mouse along � su-rface. Wi�h a tmckball, the movement ofthe backside ofthe circuit board. By way ofexampJe, ihe sensing inp�t pointer co�respot�ds to the relative movements of� b�l l electror�cs �ay include an applicatlon specific i�egrated as the use� �otates tbe ball within a housing. Boih mice aDd 65 circuil (ASIC) that is configured to meas��e the �unount of tr�ckballs ge�erally include one or more butto�s for m�king capacitance in each of tl� electrodes and to comp�te tl�e selectioDs on titc display s�ccD. position offi�gsr movement b� sed on the capacitance in each With reg�rds to touch pads, mice �nd track balls, � Cartesi�ncoordinate systern is used to monitor the posit�on ofthe .^ finger. mouse and ball. respecrively. as tbey are moved. Cartesia� coordi�ate system is geDer�lly dcfioed as � lwo dime�sional coordjnate system (x, y) in which the coordinates ofapoint (e.g.,position offinger, mouse orball) are its distances from lwo inte�'secting, oftelt pe�pe�rdiculff str�jghl lines. the distance from each beiig measured along a stra�gl�t line parallel to each olher Forex�mple, lhe x, y positioDs ol the mouse, ball and fillge� m�y be monito�ed. f l�e x, y positions are the� �sed to corespondingly locate and move the i�pnt pointe� on the di�lay sc�ee�. To elaborate furdret, touch pa�ls geller�lly hclude one ot more sensors for detect�ng the proximity of the fir�ge� the�eto. The sensors ale ge�e�lly dispersed abo�t the touch pad with each se�sor rep�esetrtiDg �n x, y position. ln most cases, the senso� a�e arranged in a grid of columns and rc��r's, Di stinct x r5 afld y pos�do� signals. whicb conrrol lhe x, y mo\eme�r of� poiDlerdevice oo Lhe display screen, are Lhus geDcr�led when a fillge� is t�oved actoss the grid ofsensors within the touch pad. Forbrevity sake, the remajdDg disc�ssion will beheld to the di scussion ofcapacitive sensing technologies. lt should be 40 noted, lowevet th�� the othe� tecluologies l�ve similar fea- '" lle ." �o 34 us'7,495,659 B2 motion. motion onto � display screen, the touchiad sy.t"- in"i"ai"g _described greate-rdetail. fhe touchpad2 is generally a small reclangul�r a touch pad having � pluraliry of independent and spatialli area ihat includes a prctective shield 4 and a pl�r�lity d�stinct �utton zones iach oi which iepresents a aifleren:t electrodes 6 d^isPosed �ndemeath ihe protective shield movemeft di.ectioD on the display sc.�* .o a" to 4. Fo� ease of discussion, a ponion of the protectjve joysl�ck imple�entations, multiple-dimensional menu"r.rrble seleclayer 4 has beenre�novedto sbow the electrodes 6. Each ii�n or phoio image palning. elect@des 6 lepresents a diffe�e�rt x, y position. l� ooe configuration, as a finger I apprcaches the electrode grid 6, a tiry BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS capacitarce folms between the filger and the electrodes 6 proximate the finget 8. The circuil board,/seNing The present invention is illustated by way ofexa.�ple, �l1d measu�es c�pacit�nce a�d p�oduces an x, y input signal not by way oflimitation, in the figures ofthe accomianying co�esponding to the active electrcdes 6. The x, y inp�t drawings and inv,/hich like�efe�ence numerals �efert� similai 10 is senl lo a host device 12 having a display screetr 14- The t5 eleme�ts and �n wl�ich: x, y input signal 10 �s used to control lhe movemenl ofa FlG. 1 is a simplified diagram of a touch parl and display. 16 on the display screen 14. As sl�wn, the inp�t FIG. 2 is a diagram ofa c�mputing system, in accordt�e moves i� a simila� x, y direction as the detected x, y with orc embodime�t ofthe present invention. FIG. 3 is a flow diagram Lf signal processing, in accor_ ofthe electrodes. TheASlC may also be coD�gured to this infomatiotr to the computing device. Refe�ri�g to FlG. 1, a to�rch pad 2 will be �eport in of 5 laye� shield oftlrc The i� e�tioD rclates, i� pad assembly capable of transforming a another embodiment, to a touch ur", ,ctioo ioio I ro electronics 10 sigDal cursor poirrer finget suMr\..fi4.Ry oF T�rE rNVENrroN ' *.:��i :�".i*;il'�i'r:iffi ;ffi::'�ssins, in accor_ nre invenrioD rer�res, in one embodimenr, ro a.to�ch assen�bly The to�ch pad �ssembly iDcludes a toucl� pad ing.one or more sensors that map the touch pad plane into nati\ sensor coordi�ates The to�ch pad assembly i]lcl�des a confoller tl�l d�vides the s�rf�ce ofthe louch iDio logical device�trits that �present are�s ofthetouchpad that caf� be actuated by a uset rcceives the native values native senso�coordin��s aom dre sensols, adj�sts the native �o values ofthe n�tive setrsol coo�dinates into a new value cia ted with the_logical device un;ts and �eports the new of the logical device units to a llost l]le i�veotion relates, in �othe� embodiment, to � for a to�ch pa� The �rethod includes mapping the touch pad ;nto native sensor coordin�tes. Tle method also inchdes d�rcing nafive vahres of the native sensor coordinates events occur on the touch pad. Tl�e method further includes filtering the mtive values oflhe Dative sensor cooldinates based on �e type of evenfs ihat occa̡ o� tl�e touch pad. The pa�r ii�:i1J:"."JJ�i�i�'r1',i�1�ti�� n-"*.rr, jo hav- acco�dance with one embodiment of the �ventjou. 25 FIG.6 is a diagram ofa communicationprotocJ, il�accoralso d�nce with one embodiment ofthe preseni inventi�. pad FlG. ? is a diag?m of a message format, in accordance with orc embodi;ent oftbe preseni invention �-lG. 8 �s � pe�spective vi�w of a media playe� in accord�nce with oni embodiment of the invention. FlG. 9 is a froff view ofa media playel in accord.ance with one emboaliment ofthe present i�v'eniio;. FIG. 10 is a f�ont view of a media playe� in accordance with one embodimeDt ol the present inventio�. FIGS. 11A-11D �re top vi;vs of� media player ir use, in acco�datrce with one embodiment ofthe preien� invention. FIG. 12 �s a parti�lly broken away peripectiv" ,r;"v./ o� uo annularcapacitive touch pad, inaccordanc� with one embodiment of uie present �nventioD. FIG. 13 i; a lop vierv of a sensor anangemeDt of a to�ch pad, in accordanc� with a�othe� embodim"ent of th; p;""nt ofthe device. ssovalue Eethod 35 prowhen ao signal FIG. 14 is a top vjew of a serNol. ��angemellt of a touch pad, in accontrnc� with anodre� embodim'eut ofthe present processing med�od. The method includes �cceiv�llg � cuneDt 45 invention. use� loc�tiotr Tl� method also incl�des dete�mini[g the FIG. 15 is a top vierv ofa senso� a[ange�ent ofa to�ch ference in user location by comparing the currerrt xser pad, in accordance with -oth". "-�o�iro'JJ,lr; tion to a last user location. The method ��rthe� includes hvenfion. oulpulting llte current user location when rhe diflerence in use� location is larger tllan a rl�eshold v�l�e. Tl�e met�od DETAILED DEScRIprloN oF THE INVENTION additionally i�cl�des co[verti�g the outpufted cu�ent user location into a logic�l device r�nit. Mo�eove�, the The present invention will row be described in detail witl� ilcludes geDer�ting a mess�ge for a host device. The message �efererrce ro a few prefe�red embodinents tte�eof as lltusincluding the more logical ��ser loc�lion- The more trated in tl�e accompanying a**;ng.. l" io�L.,-i'ng user loc�tion being �sed by tl� host device to move a control 55 �lescriptioq numero�s specifi; detaih;re set fo�th in o�de� t� object i� � spec�fied provid� a tliorough �Id�rstanclfug ofthe present i�\,elton. It Iheinventionrclates, inanotlrcre�rbodime�t, toa rnessage will be appareur, howevet to on; ski e� ilr the art, tbat the fro�n a to�ch p�d �sseubly to a lrcsl devjce ill � comp�ter prese�t i;;ention m�y be pr�cficed without .o^"'o, ult oi system facjlilales bi-direction�l com��ric�tions these spr:cific details. ln othcr instanccs, well known pr�cess behveen the to�ch pad assembly and the host device. The oo s teps hive not been described in detail in o�de�not tJu��ecmessage includes an event f�eld identifyi�g whether tl�e essarily obscure the p�ese�t irventiol�. sage is � to�ch p�d eve�t o� a burto� event. The message FlG. 2 is a diagraD� of a computi�g systern 20, in accorj�cl�des an event identifier field ide�t�fy�ng at least o�e dance wit� one �bodi-"ot of ra" i."L"t ;ou"oti�". ra" pa.ramete! each event P�ameter having aD eve�t val�e, comp�ting systen� 20 includes a1 leasia use� i� ertace22 eve4l value l�� a touch pad event pa�ameler indicatiDg an gs a hoit clevice 24. The user inte��ce 22 is configured 'lltd to absoluleposition, ihe eventvalue for a buttoD eveDt p�ramete� vide contrcl informatio� for perfo�ing aclionl in tlr" ilo,t indicating b�tton device 24. Bylvay of cxampte, tlr" u"tioi" ,rruy inchrJ" based o� the n�live vahres o[ the �ative sensor wheD a desired eveDt occ�rs on the touch medrod additionally include\ enemling a control p�d. coordinales i�venlion. the inve�tion rclates, irl another eDbodime�t, to a sig�al diflocao�lv ;r;""; 50 me�hod logic�l �i" mau�er' t�at mesalso eve�rt the p� stat�s. -ni_ 56 us 1,495,6s9 B2 ing selectio[s, openiDg a file or docume�t, executirg example, the contloller 38 may corespond to an applicatiotr tjons, starting a progr�m, viewiDg a menu, a.�rd-/�rthe like. specific integr�ted circuit (AsIc), an� it �ay ope;;te ullder actiors may also include moving aD object such as a poi�teror the control o� Fi�mwa�e storcd on the ASIC. cursor on a display scree[ ofthe host device 24. Refer�ing to the controller 38, Lhe coDtroller 38 is configshown in FIG 2, the user interface 22 may be i�teg�ated with 5 �red to m�to� the sensors oftle to�ch buttons 34 and touci the host devjce 24 (withiD the same housing) or it may be pad 36 atrd decide what i�formarion to rcport ro the host sepamte compoDetrl (different device 24. The decision may include filterin; �d-/or conver1.lre user i�terface 22 i�cludes or�e o� more touch buttor�s sio� processes. Tlrc filtering process may be"impleme�rted to 34, a touch Pad 36 and � cor�trolle� 38. The to�ch buttoos red�ae a busy d�t� stream; that the host dev�ce 24 is trot generale b�tton daTa when a use� places their fnge� over the t0 overloaded rvith redun�l��t o� non-essential data. By way of touch button 34 The touch pad, on the otJrer h�nd, gener'�tes exa�plq a b�sy da stre�m may be created when'muttipte position data when a user places their fiIger (or object) signais are pro�uced at D�tive seDso� coordi�ates 40 that �e the touch pad 36. TIle contrcller 38 is con�g�red to in close pro�imity to one another. As sho�ld be appreci�ted, the b�tton data from the �o�chbuttons 34 arrd the position processing a busy data slream tends 1rl require toi'otpo*"r, " f�om the touch pad 36. The cont�oller is also confgured ro r� �nd therelo�e it can have a disastrous eflect oo p�ttuu� outP�rt control d�la �ssociated wilh the b�tton data and,/or devices such as media playe� that use a bafiery *it� � limited position d�ta to the hosr devrce 24, In one embodimeot, power supply. Generally speaki4g, the fiitering process controlle� 38 y ou��ts contol d�ta associ�ted witl� th�ows oui�edundant signals io that�ey do �ot�eaJhihehost louch b�ttons whell ihe button status ll�s changed. In anothe� device 24. h one impl�mentation, the controller 38 is conembodi̡ent, the controllcr3S only o�lputs control dal� asso- 20 figurcd to only output a control signal whe�r a signific�nt ciatedwiththeto�chPadwhen the positiondatahas ch�nged- c�ange in sensor signals is detecte�. A significanichange The conhol d�ta, which �ay include the raw data (button, correiponds to tho� changes that are si[nificaut, as f�r position) or some form ofthereof, may be used to �mpleme�t example, wheo the user dec'�des to move hi-s/Jrer finger to a a cont�ol f�nclio�� i� ihe host device 24. By way ofexample, rew positjo� mthet than when the uset's fingel is-sjmply the control data rnay be �sed to move an objecton rhe display 25 rcstingona spotardmovingeverso slightlybec�use offing� 30 of the host device 24 or to m�ke � selectio� o� issue balaa�e (toggting back ana-torthl. ttre-nttt p-""., co��a�d ir� tbe host device implemented througJr Fin�rwa�e as part of'the applicaiioD The touch buttons 34 �nd to�ch pad 36 gener�lly specific integated one ol mole sensors capable of producing the button TLe conve�iot� p�ocess, on the otherhand" is implemented Position d�ta. The senso� of the touch buttons 34 and touch io to adjust thc raw d;ra into �the� form facton �efore'sending or pad 36 ��ay be distinct elements o� tl�y �r�y be grouped rcpofingthemtothehost device 24. That is, the controllei3S together-as P�t of a se�sor arr�ngementi i.e., divided m�y convert the raw data itrto other tlpes ofd�t�. The other sensors fol the touch buttons 34 and sensors fo� the to�ch t'?es of data may h�ve simila� o� diife�ent units as the mw 36. The sensors of the touch butt�ns 34 are confrgured �l�ta. ln the c�se of the to�ch pad 36, the controller 3g �ay ploduce sigllals �ssociated with b�ttoD status (activated, not 35 convert the position d�ta �nto o'thert'?es ofposition data. Fo'r activated). Fo� example, the b�tton st�tus may ind�c�te examplq th� controller 38 may convert abso�ute posjtiotr data activ�tion whn an object is posilioDed over thr touch to rclative posilion d�t�. As s'hould be appreciaied. absolute and b�ttor� deactivalion at other times (or_vice versa)position reiers to the posirion ofthe finger on the iouch pad sensorc of the to�ch lad 36 arc configurcd prcd�ce signals measured absol�tely wjth respect to a' coordinare systlm associated with the absol�te position of�n object o� or ne� 40 while re�ative position �efen t� a ch�nge in position �fthe thetouchpad36 lnnrost cases, the seDsors oftl�e touch fi�ger relative to the fnger's prwious p�tiou. The coitroller 36 map the touc� pad plane into native or physical sensor 38 may also convert multiile abso�te coordinates into a coordi��ates 40 The native senso� coo�dinates 40 may sitrgle absolute coordimte, �olar coo�dinates into Cartesian �ased on Cartesia� coordinales or Polar coo�dinates cootdinates, a�d/or Cafesi�n coolditrates jnto pola� coo�dislrcwr�). When C�rtesian, tl� native seDsor coordinates 40 45 ��tes. The cont�ollet 38 may also collve�t the positior� data t)?ica��ycorrespond to x and y coordinates. when Polar into button data. For example, ihe controller may generate show�), tll� native se�sol coo�dinates typically co�espond butto� control siguals when an object is tapped o'n � prederad�al ard argnl� coordimtes (r, e). By way ofex�rnple, termined portion of the touch pa� or oth#control sigDals se�sors may be b�sed o� resisrive seDsi�g, s�rface acoustic when an object js moved io a pr�detemrined manner ov�_� the wave sensing, p�essute sensi[g (e.g., straiD ga�ge), optic�] 50 touchpad(e.g., gesturi[g). se�sing, capacitive sensing and the The convenionmay also includeplacing the co�trolsignal In olle embodime[1, tlrc �]se� i�terface 22 incl�des a sensor in a foamaf tll�t the �o�t device 24 can und�srand. By wa"y of all�llgement based on capacitive sensjng. The �scr interfacc examp�e, the controlier 3S m�y follow a prcdet.rmine� c�m22 is tlrclefore arl�llged to detect ch�nges in c�pacilance as m�ni�ado� protocol. As is general]y weil knowo, fiDgerruoves, taps, or rests or� ihe touch butto[s 34 aDdto�ch 55 catio� p�oto�ols are a setof�les an�procedures f�rexchang"o.ro.roipad 36. Tile caPacitive to�ch assenbly is for�ed l-rom various ing d.at�between hvo devices such as �he use� in ter�ace22 a�d iaye�s including at lest a set of labels, a set of elec�odes th; host device 24. Commudcatio[ protocols typically traDsGensols) �d_ a printed cjrcuit bo�rd (PCB). The elctodes mit i�jlormation ir data blocks or pa�kets thar c�naio �r" �rt" ale positioned oDlhe PCB, aDd the l�bels a�e position over to be tmDsmitte�l, the data requir; to g��de the packet to its electrodes. The labels serve to protect ihe electrodes and 60 �lestin�tion, and tl� data that io��ects i�o�s that occur along provide a surlace for receiving a finger thercon. The the w�y. The con1rcller may suppo�l a variely oI com[runil layer also provides au iDsulating s�rf�ce belweel the catiotr protocols for courmuni��ting with t�e host device, and the electodes- As should be app�eciated, the controller incl�di;g but not limited ro, PS/2, Se;al, ADB and the like. In cart detem�irle b�tton status at e�ch of tlrc touch buttons orc pafti�d� impletrlelltatioll, a Serialirorocol rs used. and positio� oI Lh 1�nge� orr the touoh pad 36 by detecting The conversio� prccess may �nclude grouping ar least a ch�nges il'l capacitaDce, I�1 most cases, ihe controller 38 portion ofthe native coo�dinates 40 toga�rer io f�rm one or positioned oll the opposite sidc of the PCB. By 'q/�y morc virtual actuation zo�es 42. For e�mple, the contro�ler jnsfucThe a A]thoughnot lrcusi�g). 34 over acquire d�ta the the o 24 a -uyi" include a�d iflto pad to circuit. bunon b�tton The pad be (as (as to the like. a the label finger 38 34 os is of 7B us 1,495,659 B2 fingerto a rew positio�1on the touchpad. The noise events a�e filtered out and the actual wents are passed through the con- 38 ��ay separate the s�rface ofthe touch pad 36 into �ct�ation zones 424-D and co�rvert tlrc n�tive val�es of ��tive senso� coordin�tes 40 itrto a trew v�l�le associated the virtual actu�tion zones 424-D. Tl�e trew value may simjla� or dillerent units as the native v�tue. The new value 5 typically stored at the contloller 38 and subseq�mtly passed to the l�ost device 24. Genem�ly speaking, the co�roller ou��ts a co�tlol sigoal associated with a particular �ct�ation zone 42 when most ofthe sig�als are �om sensol coordinates 40 located wifhin the ��l�icular virl�al t0 acl�afior\ zjol.e vifual the with have is 3E viftual native 42. bette�actuated by a us� lmaenitudes lffger). The mrio of n�rive ."oro, vi�tual a�u�tio[ zones 42 may be berweer abo�r 1: r, and mo�e pa'ti"ur.iy s,i. "t"rt touchpad may inclu�e rzs v�rtuar actuation"a��u�� 1 024 native sensol coo�dinates- �tore a m�in ;0 lass the oev'/.value toprogram system processor that exec�tes tt--:t"'oolication mning on tl� host device 24' themselves,i.e.,theviruulr"tu"r;oo^o"'J�i""0-."�*�t';;;,. to the hosl device 24, the host device 24 gene�o-ltouch pad 36 that canbe The virfual actuation zones 42 geftmlly �eprese[t a logical range ofvalues than the na--tive senso� c.ordj;;t* r ith actual events, tlle controller 3g determines if the position d.�ta should �e aa�ust�.If noi, tfte;;rrd";�;; rcported to the host devj�e 24. If so, the p�sition data is convefied itrto other form facton including bit �ot limited to other position d�ta or buttor� data. Fo� example, the n�tive r�alues of the senso� coordinates are convefed i�to a new value associaled wilh a selected vi�tual acfuation zotre. A�ter the conve�ion, ihe co�t�oller 38 �epofs ihe cowerted data to thehostdevice24 By way ofexample, the contrcller38 may ..Ref��ng tlollel 38, "�o��rie;i ; abo;l�t'i r".""*�oie�i �� . touch between the host device Zi an� ttre use� inier�ace Zz- flle hJ pad 3� that a�e magdtudes large� than native sensor .. dwice may additionally include a display 30 configurerl to _tbe coordi�ales 40 For examplq the touch pad 36 cirn be broken 25 produce visual info�m�tion r�*t La g*pniil o"'� uP i��o l�rBel slices than would othe�wisebe attainable using display screen 32 via display ",t"n ", f-i1 ri" -ot.oj the native se�sor coo�djnates 40. In one implementarion, the "o--on�, circuii 26. By way of exr"��, rfl" info�,i"";t�; "l.uni virtu�l �cfuatio� zones 42 a.re dist�ibuted or tr�e touchpad 36 in the form;f a !�aphic"r u�"i i"t".r*" �clrr;�tir"r-gh'; �r'ilhitr a.r�ge of 0 to 95 �ngular positions. The exam-ple,_they may represe[t abso]ute positions on the rhe virtual actuat�o� zones 42 mav be widery varierr. For iji#:,if Ji�,�tii"Hj:�fJ':""_�j,i#" jr'iH"Ji tJ"�f;,�t"r�,t:"ffrHt3:�::31'�J,rti#J*::Hi1 :::::,'::T :'^1 t" ally^iDcludes a contlol circuit 26. The control circuit 26 is tt..."i:""]" insrucrions and carry o�t operations ::gry:-T h*l device 24. For example, the control p-osition is zerc �t the 12 o ciock positjo� �rd prcgr�sses clockwise 1o 95 as it cornes arcund to 12 o'clock anguiar ,^ t0 ". chip proces so. ,-,r ca n be;mple�enrert u ii�."X�i".;;?; " touch neDts. The comp�te� code and data may resid" iultn" �'utu buttons wilh rcgal�ls to movement functions, each of the stomge that is �peratively coupled to ihe p-""rroio�i, virtu�l actuatior� zones 42 may cor�espo��d fo diferent move- storage generally'providei a place ro hold d�tu tlrrt ;. u�"g ment directions- such tht they act rike arrow keys. For used �y ihe comiu�er system i0. Byway ofexample, the dat� exa�rple, vi..ul actuatioD zone 424 mal rcpreseot an oo storag� may inc�ude Read,onry tr�emory "" �oI"�, n-��.upward movernenr, virtual actuarion zone42B ̡�y a downward movemeDt, virtual ac�r�tiotr zone 42C �iay �esent a left movemeut, aDd vjrtual actu�tio� zotej2D . The virtual act��tio4 zones 42 may also represe�t a�eas the touch pad fht ca� be actuated by � �ser to impleme�t specif�c coDrol fuuctioos such as bunon or movemeol funclions wjlh regards lo bulkrn lunctions.lbe_virruirlacruaLion zotes 42 �'�y co[espor�d to button zo�es th�t �ct like ag�in. of shown, {he host �evice may adclitiooutty�o"lua" oo" or"m�ie speakers or jacks that con�ect to he"afiroo"rlip*t"..."'. _ The cirqrit may be widely varied. The cont�ol "ootll circuit may itrcl�de one or more proc�ssors 27 ,h^ a;J;; with an oieratiag systen operat� to execute computeicode and produce and-use da�. Tbe processor 2? ca� be a sinole- represenr Acceis Memory @AM), har� �;"t �.irJ or" lit". rcp' Although not shown, d� control circuit may"n��i a]so include an 1 +-l::�td� conhgumtion ol;louchpad br*:*.".n1. ning ard the devices rh�t desire to co�rm��jcate r�r'ith ihe host device 24 (e.g., touch pad �ssembfy ZZ1. ffr" ui* typi_ "o"tiof Although not showl, the cont�oller 38 ��y also �nclude c�lly ilcludes a display controller that is operatively coup�ed stomge elemeDl. f]�e stor�ge ele��e�t �ay sto�e a touch pad 50 to the prccessor. Tl� display controJler is configuled 10 proprogranl lor controlliDg different aspects ofthe user interf�ce cess display commands to p�oduce text and graplics o� the 22. For exarnple, the touch pad program may coDtai� display screen 32 of the host dev�ce 24. Tbe inpu/or�lput �ctu�tioll zone profiles tl�2t desc�jbe how the vi�u�l actuatioD coDt�olle� and display co�rtoller may be integlated w�th ihe zotres are distrib�ted around the �o�ch pad rclative to prccessor o� they may be separate compotre�ts. �ative seDsor coordinales and what lypc of value to ou�ut It should be noted that the control circu�t 26 n�ay be coDbasecl ol� the r�ative values of lhe Dalive se�so� coordinates figured to perform some ofthe same functions as th; controlselected and ihe virtual �ctuation z.oDe cores?onding to le;38.Fo;example,thecontrclcjrcuit26̡ayp".to..onselected native sensor veniol processes on the data recejved f�om t� �o�trolle� 3g_ Itr one paficrl�r to�ch p�d operation, llrc co�tIoller The corlvelsioD Dlay be performed on raw data or on already receives t}e posit ion da� lrom the touch pad 36. The coulrol- 60 converted d.�L�. ler 3E then passes �e data through a fiitering process. FIG. 3 is � flow diagr�m of signa� processing 50, in accorfilteringprocess ge�erally ircludes detenni�irg ifthe drta dance wifh one emb�dime�t o� ttJ in,,eotioi. gi b�sed on noise everts or actual evenrs examplq rhe sig�a1 processing SO oray bele�o*1ra Ul,fr" .Noiie events associ�ted widl �o�r significant events such as v,/hen a .yst"- s�owu initc_ z.-s;g;r p-."ssi"g fDger is sim^ply reslirg ona spot and moving ever so s�igh.ry os "ompr.rtiog generaly begins at block 52 where a useri"npr,;; because of finger balarce. Acruar events arc associated tn" usei iot"ifrce zz. �re user inpur is significantevents such as when auserdecides tomovehis,lhe� signals gencmted by the se�sor urru"g"-Ltt ni t�" toucl, tatioDs. two din�e�sio�al menu sclectio�, photo iupuloutput coltrolier that is operatively cJup� ;; dr" As should.be �ppreciared- rhis rype i�pul/ourpur contioller generaliy op.**.'Uy o, may en�blegaDe srick ilnp�emen- exclungi-ng data between rbe bost device z� rtre m�y ..�.o. lir. like. i��gc palla -� ;; t� "i.�t vi�tu�l coo�dinates. the 55 d�e 38 The is ale �se�'s will� *"y;f p;;;d; fr�c;jli;�; � 9 us 7,49s,659 B2 b�ttoDs anl to�chp�d. The user iDput may include �w The use� inp�t may also itrclude l�ltered or conve�t4 Foliowing block 52. �e processiog proceeds ro block where the use� i�pul is rep�ne<i ro the conrrot ci�cuir of data. d�]at 54 to the th.reshold tl�en a desired change has been made and the p�ocess flow proceeds to btock 76lBy way ofex;p;,- '_ made-at I� one embo�li��ent, the tb�eshold may be defined as the {re use�_interface (filtered). For exa�ple, buftor dat�may be �f"*r*L*fs tlrut o""a to io ;"p; reportedwher thr b�rtton stalus has ch�nged a�d posirion d�Ta ro ".-�", "�;;; ;;h;;" l; �;;.", n'g", to""rioo "l*!" *�;)"� �j to ttr� mav be repored wheD the positio� of a 6'ger *r.oiZiin" mri�*ic�. n one parttcutai im�il;;,i;;, Fl block Followitrg block 54, tbe processing prcceeds to+3gd_ _56 rl"ir"J�� i. "q"a t" �bout 3. The thrcshold may be detcr_ whe�e an actior� is perfomed in tl�e host device based o� the �""�if tfr" i"if�*i"g �ser input. The actions are typically controlled by llte control "qr"t;"", t�fs}otd(T):Cr(��tive se�sor coordimte resol�tio�/ citcuit ofdrc l�ost device. The actions mav include makins t5 logic�l dwice u�it resolutio�), selections, opening a file or ilocument, exec�ting i nsrroctions] starting � progr�m, viewiDg a menu, and./o� the like. The where fhe native se�sor coordinate reso�utio�ldefitres the actions may also includenroving a� object such �s a poiotero� maximum numbe� of dil�erent positions that lhe senso�s a�e cursor on a display screen ofthe host device 24, �ble to detect for a specific plane coordirate system, the made arrd arore particu]arly wherr a desired c]�ange is lmst device. The user iuput �r�y col�tain both button and 5 position data or it m�y only contain button d�t� or position data. The �ser input js q/pically repofed when a change is the . -"i$,j#fl�J:i.iffiil�"*' . D6i�d ch�ge:rc�rrc�ruse�r�atio�- larusqio@rio�t=Tl�etold FIG. 4 is a ffow diagrarn oflouch pad processilg 60, 30 of t�e �ost device 24. The GUI is typic�lly urdea accoldance with one enbodime�rt ofthe inveniioL To�ch processi�g 60 geoe�ally begi�s at block 62 where al least control object is displayed on a graphical user interface. co[trol obj ect may be a cursor, slider bar', image o� the By way ofexampie, the GUI n�ay be displ�yed orthe display 25 pad o�re The like. the 64 By i� 2p logical dev�ce uait resolution defitres lle numbei ofvalues that are com$u�jcated to ihe main system p�ocessor of the host device for the said specific plane coordinate s)stemJ and coefrcie�t C de�nes the width borde� �rea between the cluste�s ofnative ser�so� coo�dinates that defire one logical device unit. 'Il�e coefficiert C is gererally dete�iDedbyrlrc sensit�vity needed to i�itiate a user event to the main system p.o""".ot o� the hostdevice. It customizes the th�shold value to the physical limit�tjo�rs of the se�sor tecb�ology and the expe�ted �oise of the use� finger events. Larger values tend fllter more eveots and rcd uce seDsitiv �ry. Tbe svsrem desisne� m�v cor�trol of the proces sor of the host device Following biock 62, the p�ocessing p�oceeds to block where �n a�gula� or �adi�l refe�e�ced input is received. way ofexam�lc, the angular or�adial rcferenced jnput may bc ao prod�ced by t he user i�ler f�ce 2 2 a�d recejved by he Drocessor ol'lhe ltost device 24. The angular or �adial rel'erenced inp�t may be raw d.at� formed by the sensor ar�angemerll coDverted d.at� for��ed �t the controller. Furthem�ore, the or mnverted data nray be fillered so asto �educe a busy data 35 _ L 24. t; or mw stre�m. Following block 64, touch pad processing prcceeds to block 66 where the control object is modified based on the angular or radial referenccd input. For cxamplq thc direction Itblock 76, a new v�lue associated with a pafic�rlar logical that a cootrol object such as a football player jn a football ao device ur1it is generdted based on the changed native se]rso� ganle is movi�g may be cha�ged fio�D a first diectioD to a coolditates associated with the pa�icular logical device unit. seco�d direction or a highlighl bar m�y be moved through �n most cases, thc mw numbe� �fslices in �ie fonn ofDative rnultiple irnages iD a photo libr�ry. The modi�cation is rypi- setrsor coordi�ates are gro�ped into � mote logical numbe� of c�lly implemented by the processor of the host device. slices in the fo�r of log�cal device u�its (e. g., virtual �c hraFIG.5 is a ffow diaga� ofa touch pad processing 20, in a5 lion zones). acco�dance with o�e enrbodiment ofthe iovention. By way of Followi]lg block 76, t]le process flow proceeds to block 7g example, touch p�d processing may be perfonned by the whe�ethelastuse�locationis updated. Tirat;s, the lastcurleDl controller show� in FIG. 2. Fr�thermo�e, it may be associated location is ch�nged to the cu��ent lse� location. Tlle cu��eD� witl blocks 52154 and 62 shown i� FIGS. 3 and 4. To�cl� pad userlocatior now acts as the last user location for sr�bsequent processing 70 generally beg�s at block 72 wherc a c�r�e so ptocessitrg. user location is received. fhe currenl use� location cor�eFollow��g block 78, theprocess flow proceeds to block g0 spo�als to the cuIreDt loc�lio� ofthe user's finge� on tl�e touch where a meisage is sent. ID most casesi the rness�ge is se�t pad For cx�mple, thc control�er may detect the chaDgcs �D wheDthe differe�ce between the cur�ent-and lasr useilocatjon sensor levels �1 e�ch of the native sensor coordi��tes and is laer th�n the tl�.eshold r,]aiue. The message geDera y dlereafte� detem�ine the c�r�elt location oftlrc user's n�ger 55 incluales the nev,, v�l�e associated with the set�ctei togic� o� the to�ch pad based on the change in seDso� levels at each dev�ce ul�t. By way of example. the tou.� pua orry n ofthe �ative seusor coordi�ates. ""�ri message to the main system'pr�ces.o, of ir" no.t' �"ui"". block 72. the process llow proceeds to block 74 wherl received by ihe inain system processor the message ,Pollowing wl�ere � deten�Dat�o[ is lnade �s lo \,v helher the c�]�ent �ser may be used to makc an adj�s�nent i�� the host device, i.�., locatiol�iswithinatl�reshold�omthelastuserlocatio�,i.e.,60 ca�se a control object to m�ve in a specified manner lhe usel locatioD �aL Precedes the cu�ent �ser location. ln FIG. 6 is a diagram of a communication protocol g2, in some cases, the cu�ent user iocation is con�p�red to the l�st accordance withone embodime�t ofthepreseDt iDvenion. ny user location to detem�ne the diffe�ence in user localio�, �-e., way ofexample, the conl�u[ication protocol may be used by l�ow mucl� novement occu�ed between llle cu�ent �nd last theuser inte�face and hort a""i"" .f �fc. zin tlr'i, prrti.ufr', readings. If Lhe currenl use� �ocatjon is wilhin lhe tl�eshold 65 embod�Eent, tbe user interl�ce 22 hrr �;;;;J i;;;� then an undesired changel�s beet�ade ard tl�e process flow """ ACTI\� li�; that is contuolled by the controj circuit 26. ire pmcecds back to block 72- lftl� currel�t �ocation is outside state ofthe ACTIVE line sigDal may Ue ser at LOW or HICH. pick Lhe exact value ofC by tes�ng sevenl values_Lo strik"e opfi�nal b�]ance between sensitivity �nd stability ofthe use� finger location. flrc coefl�cienr C is typically a v�lue between 0 and 0-5, and more palicularly about 0.25. As sho�ld be app�eciated, the tl�eshold (T) is about 2 whell the n�tive sensorcoordit�teresolutionis abo�t 1024, the logical dwice unit resolution is about 128 and the coeffcie� is �bout 0-25. 11 us 7,495,659 B2 The hold switch 28 r�ay be used 1o cha�ge the state of the user t�vels (e.g., the user is rot limited by carrying a ACTI\G line signal (for example whel the ho�d switch is large, bu� and oftel-herty a."i"", ;n i"pi.p or".tliloiot a first pos�tion o� seco�d positio�. As showjr in FrG- 6, ". " co�puter). For exampl", in the of, -uli" pr"y"., u u.", theAcrr\G sigral is set ro HIGH, the use� inte�race 22 sends may�se tire de*,ice wrrile working out at the g,m. in case of "u." a s''�ch message to the cottrol circuil 26 thaf describes the a cu-"m, au."rmayuse thedevic� whi1emo"it"j";i-b;; Button and To�ch pad status (e g , button state a��d touch In the case of� game playc�, the �ser can use the device whiL positio�). ln one embodiment, new synch messages �re tmveling in a Fu;herm�re, the device may t.op"or"�iy sent when ihe Butto� state and/or the 'Iburh Pad the users hanils, no reference su�face a �".ktop �" changes. For ex�mple, when the touch pad position "u"his needed (this is shown jn greater d�ail cl�anged withit a desjred limil. When the signal is 10 illustrared embodi�en! th� media player foo i. � p""i"r set to Low, �e use� interface 22 does ^CTIVE a rrot rend sized hand held MP3 �nusic player that � ows a user t; sto�e Dessage to the contol circuit 26 \Mrcn theAcTIVE sign�l a large collection of music (e.j., in some cases up to +,ooo toggled from Low to HIGH, the user iDterface 22 sends cD-quality songs). By way �f exampre, dre Nips m;sic Bunon stare and to�ch pad position message. This may pr"ye�-uy h� ieoa vl�rry",*u"urn"i*"a "o'.�iooato used on sl��up lo ��ilialize lhe slare. w�en �e AcrrvE rs by �ppre i-ompurer ofcupenino, ccriliAilhoup.h �sed �rijs Loggled lrorn HIGH Lo Low. rhe uscr �nrerf�cc signal mari � for stori�g and ptuy;ng -r"i". J" M p3 does not send a sy[ch message to tl�e control circ�it 26. ln shown [erein ma'y atso jnclu�e additional functionality sich embodinert, the �se� jnterface 22 is conl�gured to senda.hvo �s storing a calenda� a�d phooe I�sts. data bJ�te message ifboth the B��ons and touchpad positions games, sioring photos and the like. In �act, inio." �*�r, i:t changes sirce the last message was sent, aDd a one dar� by'e ro may act as a �ighly transpofi�ble stomge �evice. mcssage only one b�r1oD state or touch pad slown 8, the nedia piayer 100 incrudes a ho�sitrg 102 that encloses iutemaliy vari'ous electrical com.FlG.7 is a diagram ofa message forrnat 86, in accord�ce pone�; (including integrated cir�it chips and other cirwith oDe ernbodiment of the p�ese�t inve�tion. By way iuitry) to provide iompuiing operations foi the media player cxample, the messagefo�mat 86 may corrcspojrd to the slmch 25 100. h a�ditjo�\ the housin'g Lay also aefin" tlr" mess�ge described irr FIG. 6. The message fon�at E6 fomr ofthe medi-a playe�. Th;t is, i�e contouroftn" "f,�f�oi rrol.i"g �l�fa by,e inessage o� a o�e d�ta b)te message. 102 m�y embody th� outwad physica� upp"*",r"" orth! lory ? Each data blte is configured as an 8 bit message. The media piayer 10d. The integra�� circuir cliis Most sjgnificatrt Bit (MSB) of rhe messag_e is the event "nJ"in"i "iicuitry coniained witnin rheiousing may (1 bit) a�dfhe lower Leasr Significan

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