Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. et al

Filing 561

Declaration in Support of #559 Declaration in Support, filed byApple Inc.. (Attachments: #1 Exhibit 3.02, #2 Exhibit 3.03, #3 Exhibit 3.04, #4 Exhibit 3.05, #5 Exhibit 3.06, #6 Exhibit 3.07, #7 Exhibit 3.08, #8 Exhibit 3.09, #9 Exhibit 3.10, #10 Exhibit 3.11, #11 Exhibit 3.12, #12 Exhibit 3.13, #13 Exhibit 3.14, #14 Exhibit 3.15, #15 Exhibit 3.16, #16 Exhibit 3,17, #17 Exhibit 3.18, #18 Exhibit 3.19, #19 Exhibit 3.20, #20 Exhibit 3.21, #21 Exhibit 3.22, #22 Exhibit 3.23, #23 Exhibit 3.24)(Related document(s) #559 ) (Jacobs, Michael) (Filed on 12/29/2011)

EXHIBIT 3.02

Page 2 of 2

Preliminary Class
345

LICENSE FOR FOREIGN FILING UNDER
Title 35, United States Code, Section 184
Title 37, Code of Federal Regulations, 5.11 & 5.15
GRANTED
The applicant has been granted a license under 35 U.S.C. 184, if the phrase "lF REQUIRED, FOREIGN FILING
UCENSE GRANTED" followed by a date appears on this form. Such licenses are issued in all applications where

the conditions for issuance of a license have been met, regardless of whether or not a license may be required as
set forth in 37 CFR 5.15. The scope and limitations of this license are set forth in 37 CFR 5.15(a) unless an earlier

license has been issued under 37 CFR 5.15(b). The license is subject to revocation upon written notification. The
date indicated is the effective date of the license, unless an earlier license of similar scope has been granted
under 37 CFR 5.13 or 5.14.
This license is to be retained by the licensee and may be used at any time on or after the effective date thereof
unless it is revoked. This license is automatically transferred to any related applications(s) filed under 37 CFR
1.53(d). This license is not retroactive.

The grant of a license does not in any way lessen the responsibility of a licensee for the security of the subject
matter as imposed by any Government contract or the provisions of existing laws relating to espionage and the
national security or the export of technical data. Licensees should appnse themselves of current regulations
ecially with respect to certain countries, of other agencies, particularly the Office of Defense Trade Controls,
eDsep artment of State (with respect to Arms, Munitions and Implements of War (22 CFR 121-128)); the Office of
Expport Administration, Department of Commerce (15 CFR 370.10 (j)); the Office of Foreign Assets Control,
Department of Treasury (31 CFR Parts 500+) and the Department of Energy.
NOT GRANTED
No license under 35 U.S.C. 184 has been granted at this time, if the phrase "lF REQUIRED, FOREIGN FILING
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5.12, if a license is desired before the expiration of 6 months from the filing date of the application. If 6 months
has lapsed from the filing date of this application and the licensee has not received any indication of a secrecy
order under 35 U.S.C. 181, the licensee may foreign file the apphcation pursuant to 37 CFR 5.15(b).

APLNDC00025540

PE
IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
e application of: Hotelling et al.

Attorney Docket No.: APL1P305/P3266

Application No.: 10/840,862

Examiner: Unassigned

Filed: May 6, 2004

Group: 2673

Title:

MULTIPOINT TOUCHSCREEN
CERTIFICATE OF MAILING
I hereby certify that this correspondence is being deposited with the U.S.
Postal Service with sufficient postage as first-class mail on August 23, 2005 in
an envelope addressed to the Commissioner for Patents, P.O. Box 1450
AleLxadndria, V
2313-1450.
Linda L. Pollock

INFORMATION DISCLOSURE STATEMENT
37 CFR §§1.56 AND 1.97(b)
Mail Stop Amendment
Commissioner for Patents
P.O. Box 1450
Alexandria, VA 22313-1450

Dear Sir:
The references listed in the attached PTO Form 1449, copies of non-U.S. references are
attached, may be material to examination of the above-identified patent application. Applicants
submit these references in compliance with their duty of disclosure pursuant to 37 CFR §§1.56
and 1.97. The Examiner is requested to make these references of official record in this
application.
This Information Disclosure Stato,cut is not to be construed as a representation that a

search has been made, that additional information material to the examination of this application
does not exist, or that these references indeed constitute prior art.
This Information Disclosure Statement is: (i) filed within three (3) months of the filing
date of the above-referenced application, (ii) believed to be filed before the mailing date of a first
Office Action on the merits, or (iii) believed to be filed before the mailing of a first Office
Action after the filing of a Request for Continued Examination under §1.114. Accordingly, it is

APL1P305/P3266

1

APLNDC00025541

believed that no fees are due in connection with the filing of this Information Disclosure
Statement. However, if it is determined that any fees are due, the Commissioner is hereby
authorized to charge such fees to Deposit Account 500388 (Order No. APL1P305).

Respectfully submitted,
BEYER WEAVER & THOMAS, LLP

Quin C. Hoellwarth
Registration No. 45,738

P.O. Box 70250
Oakland, CA 94612-0250

APLlP305/P3266

2

APLNDC00025542

Form 1449 (Modifi
Information Disclosure
Statement By Applicant

(Use Several Sheets if Necessary)

Atty Docket No.
APLlP305/P3266
Applicant:
Hotelling et al.
Filing Date
May 6, 2004

Application No.:
10/840,862
Group
2673

U.S. Patent Documents

Exarniner
Initial

Examiner
Initial

SubNo.
Al
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10
Al l
Al2

Patent No.
2002/0015024 Al
3,662,105
3,798,370
5,825,351
6,188,391 B1
6,323,846 Bl
6,570,557 B1
6,593,916 B1
6,650,319 B1
6,677,932 B1
6,856,259 B1
6,888,536 B2

Date
02-07-02
05-09-72
03-19-74
10-20-98
02-13-01
11-27-01
05-27-03
07-15-03
11-18-03
01-13-04
02-15-05
05-03-05

Patentee
Westerman
Hurst et al.
Hurst
Tam
Seely et al.
Westerman
Westerman
Aroyan
Hurst et al.
Westerman
Sharp
Westerman

Class

Filing

class

Date
07-31-01
05-21-70
04-17-72
11-15-95
07-09-98
01-25-99
02-10-01
11-03-00
03-05-99
01-28-01
02-06-04
07-31-01

et al.

et al.
et al.

et al.

Foreign Patent _or Published Foreign Patent Application
Document
Publication Country or
SubNo.
No.
Date
Patent Office
Class class
A13
A14
A15
A16
A17

Translation
Yes No

Other Documents
Examiner
Initial

No.
Al8
A19
A20

Author, Title, Date, Place (e.g. Journal) of Publication
U.S. Patent Application No. 10/654,108 filed September 2, 2003.
U.S. Patent Application No. 10/789,676 filed February 27, 2004.
U.S. Patent Application No. 10/903,964 filed July 30, 2004.

A21
A22

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/015,978 filed December 17, 2004.
U.S. Patent Application No. 11/038,590 filed January 18, 2005.

A23
A24
A25

U.S. Patent Application No. 11/048,264 filed January 31, 2005.
"Touch Technologies Overview," 2001, 3M Touch Systems, Massachusetts.
"Touchscreen Technology Choices,"
http://www.elotouch.com/products/detech2.asp, downloaded August 5, 2005.

APL1P305/P3266

Pg. 1 of 2

APLNDC00025543

A26
A27
A28
A29
A30

A31

Jun Rekimoto, "SmartSkin: An Infastructure for Freehand Manipulation on
Interactive Surfaces," CHI 2002, April 20-25, 2002, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
"Wacom Components -- Technology," http:. /www.wacomomponents.com/english/tech.asp., downloaded October 10, 2004.
"Comparing Touch Technologies," http;//www.touçhsçreens.çomfintrouclgyge.sjtng downloaded October 10, 2004.
"GlidePoint®," http;//www.cirgue=çom/technology/technology gg.htm
downloaded August 5, 2005.
"Captive Position Sensing," http://www.svnapticaçom/teghpology/cys efin,
downloaded August 5, 2005.
"How do touchscreen monitors know where you're touching?,"
http;//electronics.howstuffworks.çom/guestion?lé.htm, downloaded August 5,

A32

A33
A34

A35

A36
A37

A38

A39
A40

2005.
"How Does a Touchscreen Work?," htty//www.touchscreens..com/introanatomy.html, downloaded August 5, 2005.
"4-Wire Resistive Touchscreens," http://www.touçhsçreens.com/introtouchtypesggistive.html, downloaded August 5, 2005.
"5-Wire Resistive Touchscreens," htteillwww.topçhgçreças,com/intro-

touchtypes-resistive.html, downloaded August 5, 2005.
"Capacitive Touchscreens," httW//www.touçhscreens.com/intro-touchtypescapacitive htmL downloaded August 5, 2005.
"PenTouch Capacitive Touchscreens," httg//www.touchscreens.com/ ntrotouchtypes-pentouch.html, downloaded August 5, 2005.
"Surface Acoustic Wave Touchscreens," httg://www.touçhsçreens.com/introtou.c types-saw.html downloaded August 5, 2005.
"Near Field Imaging Touchscreens," htty;//www.touçhsçreens com/ ntrotouchtypes-nfi.html, downloaded August 5, 2005.
"Infrared Touchscreens," htta://www.touchscreens.com/intro-touchtvpesinfrared.html, downloaded August 5, 2005.
"Watershed Algorithm," htto://rsb.info.nih.gov/ii/nlumins/watershed html,

downloaded August 5, 2005.
Examiner

Date Considered

Examiner: Initial citation considered. Draw line through citation if not in conformance and
not considered. Include copy of this form with next co
ication to applicant.

APL1P305/P3266

Pg. 2 of 2

APLNDC00025544

BEST AVAILABLE COPY

TOUCH

TECHNO.LOGI .

UV€YVl€W

Touch is everywhere
Touch screens are fast becoming the preferred
interface between users and their personal,
professional,yrid public access technology. The
intuit veness of touch screens combined with the
spic
ease-of-use, and extreme durability.
òÀ
popul

äie
esta

st a few reasons why touch is so
ntshbars, and casinos, touch

In indust'rial environments like assembly lines and
factories ouch screens are simplifying process
automatio'nä In museums, hotel lobbies, and shopping
malls touc enabled kiosks provide easy access to
information. nd for children involved in educational
training, touc'h-is an instinctive way to interact with
computers.

a d entertainment.

There are several types of touch
screen technologies offered by
various worldwide manufacturers.
Each technology has its own set
of characteristics and depending
on your touch application, these
differences may be viewed as
benefits or disadvantages.

Consider the following questions.
The answers to these questions
will help you begin to understand
your touch needs.

Activation

Cost

What type of touch activation do you
need - finger only, gloved finger, or
stylus input.

What are your cost requirements?

Options
Do you need touch buttons, drag and
drop, or signature capture?

Image Clarity
Is optical clarity the most important
requirement?

Space

Reliability
Will the touch screen have to stand up to
dust, grease, or shock vibrations.
Durability
Will your touch screen be exposed to
harsh environments?
Will it need to be impact resistance?

Vandal Resistant

Do you need a compact screen size?

Will the touch screen be in an unattended
public environment and subject to abuse?

Sealability

Power

Will your touch screen be exposed to
Do you have specific power requirements
liquids, chemicals, or fluxtuating weather or constraints?
extremes.

APLNDC00025545

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TOUD H

TECHNOLOGIES
Overview

Most touch solutions have a touch screen attached to a
video display unit. The touch screen works with a
controller and a software device driver to sense a touch,
determine its location, and transmit the information to the

computer's operating system. Touch solutions primarily
use one of five technologies, each with characteristics
that make it best suited for specific applications.

RESISTIVE
PET film

Spacer dot
ITO conductive
coating

Top circuit layer
ITO conductive
coating

Bottom circuit layer
Glass or acrytic
backing panel

Touch creates contact
between resistive circuit
layers, closing a switch

Resistive technology is versatile and economical for applications
such as food service and retail point-of-sale, industrial process
control and Instrumentation, portable and handheld products,
and communication devices.
Resistive touch screens have a flexible
Advantages
top layer and a rigid bottom layer
• Value solution
separated by insulating dots, with the
• Activated by any stylus
inside surface of each layer coated with
• High touch point resolution
a transparent conductive coating.
• Low power requirements
Voltage applied to the layers produces a
gradient across each layer. Pressing the
Disadvantages
flexible top sheet creates electrical
• Reduced optical clarity
contact between the resistive layers,
• Polyester surface can be
essentially closing a switch in the
damaged
circuit.

Controller determines

between layers to get touch coordinates

CAPACITIVE
Capacitive technology offers durability, reliability, and optical clarity.
Popular applications include gaming machines, ATM installations, kiosks,
industrial equipment, and point-of-sale.

Advantages
• Extremely durable
• Very accurate
• Good optical clarity
• Good resolution
Disadvantages
• Requires bare finger or
capacitive stylus
• Severe scratch can affect
operation within the
damaged area

Capacitive touch screens are
curved or flat glass substrates
coated with a transparent metal
oxide. A voltage is applied to the
corners of the overlay creating a
minute uniform electric field.
A bare finger draws current from
each corner of the electric field,
creating a voltage drop that is
measured to determine touch
location.

,applied

Uniform electrictield

Touch draws current
kom each comer of

electric field creating
a voltage drop which
is calculated by

the controller.

APLNDC00025546

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NEAR FIELD IMAGINGTM
Image processing
controller

Near Field imaging, a projected capacitive technology, is extremely rugged,
yet sensitive to touch, making it perfect for harsh industrial environments and
unsupervised klosks.

Continuous re-imaging
of touch profile
Image of changes in
electrostatic fleid caused

by touch

Touch screer
(sensor)

Contoller

ol

actual touch point

Advantages

Near Field Imaging (NFI) touch screens
consist of two laminated glass sheets with
a patterned coating of transparent metal
oxide between. An AC signal is applied
to the patterned conductive coating,
creating an electrostatic field on the
surface of the screen. When a finger gloved or ungloved - or other conductive
stylus comes into contact with the sensor,
the electrostatic field is disturbed.

• Good optical clarity
• Extremely durable - scratch and
debris resistant glass front
• Operates with fingers, gloves or
or conductive stylus
• Accurate - even under harsh
conditions
Disadvantages
• Slightly less touch
resolution

Coordinates fed back to
operating system

ACOUSTIC WAVE
Because of its high optical clarity and accuracy, acoustic
wave technology is typically used in kiosk applications.

Advantages
• Good optical clarity
• Z-axis capability
• Durable glass front
Disadvantages
• Requires finger or sound
absorbing stylus
• Difficult to industrialize
• Signal affected by surface liquids
or other contaminants

Sound wave

reflector

Transducers emit
sound waves

along sides

Acoustic wave touch screens use
transducers mounted at the edge of a
glass overlay to emit ultrasonic sound
waves along two sides. These waves
are reflected across the surface of the
glass and received by sensors. A finger
or other soft tipped stylus absorbs some
of the acoustic energy and the
controller measures the amplitude
change of the wave to determine touch
location.

1

Sensor

Sensor

Touch absorbs some acoustic energy from sound waves

Controller measures
wave amplitude change to
determine touch location

NFRARED
Infrared touch screens are primarily used for large displays, banking
machines, and in military applications.

Light emitting
diodes ,
Touch screen

Light beams

de

rs

Light emitting

diodes

L ght
detectors

Touch interrupts light
beam and causes drop
în signal received by

light detectors

Infrared touch screens are based on
light-beam interruption technology.
Instead of an overlay on the surface, a
frame surrounds the display. The frame
has light sources, or light emitting
diodes (LEDs) on one side and light
detectors on the opposite side, creating
an optical grid across the screen.
When an object touches the screen, the
invisible light beam is interrupted,
causing a drop in the signal received by
the photosensors.

Advantages
• 100% light transmission
(not an overlay)
• Accurate
Disadvantages
• Costly
• Low reliability
(MTBF for diodes)
• Parallax problems
• Accidental activation
• Low touch resolution
• No protection for display
surface

APLNDC00025547

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3M TOUCH SOLUTIONS
Now that you've thought about the touch requirements and limitations of your application, and the
advantages and disadvantages of each technology, give us your most challenging touch application
and we'll give you a solution.

MicroTouch"' Touch Screens
Your satisfaction is our success. Purchase
off-the-shelf components for quick and easy
touch product development or work with our
engineers to create custom solutions. You
can choose from our capactive product line,
known for exceptional clarity and durability,
with ClearTek'" capacitive for public-use
applications, and Near Field Imaging"'
projected capacitive for those extremely
harsh touch environments. For resistive
solutions, we'll assist you in choosing
from FG and PL constructions, using

4-, 5-, or 8-wire designs to help you get the
best resistive product for your application.

Notice: Given the variety of factors that can affect the use and performance of a 3M Touch Systems product, including that solid state equipment has operation characteristics
different from electromechanical equipment, some of which factors are uniquely within Usefs knowledge and control, it is essential that User evaluate the 3M Touch Systems product
to determine whether it is suitable for Usets particular purpose and suitable for Users method of application. 3M Touch Systems' statements, engineering/technical information, and
recommendations are provided for Users convenience, but their accuracy or completeness is not warranted. 3M Touch Systems products are not specifically designed for use in
medical devices as defined by United States federal law. 3M Touch Systems products should not be used in such applications without 3M Touch Systems' express written consent.
User should contact its sales representative if Users opportunity involves a medical device application.
IMPORTANT NOTICE TO PURCHASER: Specifications are subject to change without notice. 3M Touch Systems Products are warranted to meet their published specifications from
the date of shipment and for the period stated in the specification. 3M Touch Systems makes no additional warranties, express or Implied, including but not ilmited to any
impiled warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. User is responsible for determining whether the 3M Touch Systems products are fit for Users particular
purpose and suitable for its method of production, including intellectual property liability for Users application. If a Product is proven not to have met 3M Touch Systems' warranty,
then 3M Touch Systems' sole obligation and Users and Purchasefs exclusive remedy, will be, at 3M Touch Systems' option, to repair or replace that Product quantity or to refund
its purchase price. 3M Touch Systems has no obligation under 3M Touch Systems' warranty for any Product that has been modified or damaged through misuse, accident, neglect,
or subsequent manufacturing operations or assemblies by anyone other than 3M Touch Systems. 3M Touch Systems shall not be liable in any action against it in any way
related to the Products for any loss or damages, whether non-specified direct, Indirect, special, Incidental or consequential (including downtime, toss of profits or
goodwill) regardless of the legal theory asserted. (11/01R2)

3M
3M Touch Systems
3M Optical Systems Division
300 Griffin Brook Park Drive
Methuen, MA 01844
U.S.A.
www.3Mtouch.com

Worldwide Manufacturing Plants:
Austin, Texas
Methuen, Massachusetts
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Vancouver, BC Canada
Abingdon, UK

For more information on 3M touch products,
visit 3Mtouch.com or call toll-free 1-866-407-6666
m 10% post-consumer
W waste paper
printed in USA

MicroTouch, Near Field Imaging, and
ClearTek are trademarks of 3M.

©2001 3M
TOUCHOV-0502

APLNDC00025548

This Page is Inserted by IFW Indexing and Scanning
Operations and is not part of the Official Record

BEST AVAIL A RLE IMA GES
Defective images within this document are accurate representations of the original
documents submitted by the applicant.

Defects in the images include but are not limited to the items checked:
O BLACK BORDERS

AGE CUT OFF AT TOP, BOTTOM OR SIDES
FADED TEXT OR DRAWING
BLURRED OR ILLEGIBLE TEXT OR DRAWING

S

WEDISLANTED IMAGES

COLOR OR BLACK AND WHITE PHOTOGRAPHS
O GRAY SCALE DOC•--NTS

O LINES OR M-

ON ORIGINAL DOCUMENT

O REFERENCE(S) OR EXHIBIT(S) SUBMITTED AR POOR QUALITY
OTHER:

I rvi A GES A Im BEST AVAILABLE COPY.
As rescanning these documents will not correct the image
problems checked, please do not report these problems to
the I¥ w Image Problem Mailbox.

APLNDC00025549

4Watershed Algorithm

Page 1 of 2

Watershed Algorithm
Author:
History:
Requires:
Source:
Installation:

Christopher Mei (christopher.mei at sophia.inria.fr)
2003/12/15 : First version
ImageJ l.31p or later, which adds the ability to package plugins in JAR files
Contained in Watershet Algorithm-lar, which can be opened using a ZIP utility
Download Watershed Algorithm.jar to the plugins folder, or subfolder, restart Imag
there will be a new Plugins/Filters/Watershed Algorithm... con,msd.

See Also:

Watershedalugin by Daniel Sage
Process/Binag/Watershed command

Description: This algorithm is an implementation of the watershed immersion algorithm written

VincentandSoille(1991).
@Article{Vincent/Soille:1991,
author =
"Lee Vincent and Pierre Soille",
year =
"1991",
keywords =
"IMAGE-PROC SKELETON SEGMENTATION GIS",
institution = "Harvard/Paris+Louvain",
title =
"Watersheds in digital spaces: An efficient algc
based on immersion simulations",
journal =
"IEEE PAMI, 1991",
volume =
"13",
number =
"6",
pages =
"583--598",
annote =
"Watershed lines (e.g. the continental divide) «
boundaries of catchment regions in a topographic
The height of a point on this map can have a dir
correlation to its pixel intensity. WIth this an
the morphological operations of closing (or open
can be understood as smoothing the ridges (or fi
in the valleys). Develops a new algorithm for ot
the watershed lines in a graph, and then uses th
developing a new segmentation approach based on
{"}depth of immersion{"}.",
}

A review of Watershed algorithms can be found at :
http://www.cs.rug.nl/~roe/publications/parwshed.pdf
@Article{RoeMeiOO,
author =
"Roerdink and Meijster",
title =
"The Watershed Transform: Definitions, Algoritha
Parallelization Strategies",
journal =
"FUNDINF: Fundamenta Informatica",
volume =
"41",
publisher =
"IOS Press",
year =
"2000",
}

http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/plugins/watershed.html

8/5/2005
APLNDC00025550

Watershed Algorithm

,

Page 2 of 2

e e

e e

The image on the left represents the type of result obtained from the
thresholding of classical images where Watershed segmentation is efficient.
This could be a picture of coffee beans, blood cells, sand ...
The segmentation on the right was obtained with the following operations :
invert image (Edit/Invert), calculate the distance transform
(Process/Binary/Distance Map), invert result, apply Watershed.
Plugins | Home |

BEST AVAgeLE COPY

http://rsb.info.nih.govlij/plugins/watershed.html

8/5/2005
APLNDC00025551

Infrared Touchscreens

introduction

Page 1 of 1

Product Catalog

Sales

Tech Support

Our Con

Now at: Home > Introduction > Comparing Technologies > Comparing Touch Technologies > Infrared

Infrared Touchscreens
We offer Infrared touchscreen technology with the Plasma display solutions that we offer. This is the
only type of touch technology that we have available for large displays such as Plasma screens. It is a
durable technology that offers high image clarity. Responds to any input device or stylus. Please
contact us for more information.

TouchScreens.com is owned and operated by Mass Multimedia, Inc

È Call:1-800-348-8610

E-mail: info@touchscreen

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APLNDC00025552

Near Field Imaging Touchscreens

Introduction

Product Catalog

Page 1 of 1

Sales

Tech Support

Our Con

Now at: Home > Introduction > Comparing Technologies > Comparing Touch Technologies > Near Field Imaging

Near Field Imaging Touchscreens
We offer Near Field Imaging touchscreen technology as one of the custom LCD touch monitor solutions
that we can provide. It is an extremely durable screen that is suited for use in industrial control systems
and other harsh environments. This rugged screen type is not affected by most surface contaminants,
scratches, or vibration. Responds to finger or gloved hand. Please contact us for more information.

TouchScreens,com is owned and operated by Mass Multimedia, Inc

È Call: 1-800-348-8610

E-mail: info@touchscreen:

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Surface Acoustic Wave Touchscreens

BEST AvAtemote ,.se y

gammä©niiri.;
Introduction

Product Catalog

Page 1 of2

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Sales

Tech Support

Our Con

Now at: Home > introduction > Comparing Technologies > Comparing Touch Technologies > Surface Acoustic Wave

Surface Acoustic Wave Touchscreens
Surface Acoustic Wave technology is one of the most
advanced touch screen types. It is based on sending
acoustic waves across a clear glass panel with a series of
transducers and reflectors. When a finger touches the
- n, the waves are absorbed, causing a touch event to
be detected at that point.
Because the panel is all glass there are no layers that can
be worn, giving this technology the highest durability factor

Transducer

Reilectors

and also the highest clarity. This technology is
recommended for public information kiosks, computer based

training, or other high traffic indoor environments.

Advantages
• High touch resolution
e Highest image clarity
e All glass panel, no coatings or
layers that can wear out or
damage

Disadvantages
• Must be touched by finger, gloved hand, or softtip stylus. Something hard like a pen won't work
• Not completely sealable, can be affected by large
amounts of dirt, dust, and / or water in the
environment.
Touchscreen Specifications

Touch Type:

Elo IntelliTouch Surface Acoustic Wave

Cable Interface:

PC Serial/COM Port or USB Port

Touch

4096 x 4096

Resolution:
Activation Force: less than 3 ounces
Light
Transmission:

90%

Expected Life:

50 million touches at one point

Temperature:

Operating: -20°C to 50°C
Storage: -40°C to 71°C

Humidity:

Operating: 90% RH at max 40°C, non-condensing

Chemical

The active area of the touchscreen is resistant to all chemicals that do not affect glass, such as: Acetone,

Resistance:

Regulations:

Toluene, Methyl ethyl ketone, Isopropyi alcohol, Methyl alcohol, Ethyl acetate, Ammonia-based glass cleaners,

Gasoline, Kerosene, Vinegar

UL, CE, TUV, FCC-B

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APLNDC00025555

PenTouch Capacitive Touchscreens

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Introduction
Product Catalog
Sales
Tech Support
Now at: Home > Introduction > Comparing Technologies > Comparing Touch Technologies > PenTouch Capacitive

Our Con

PenTouch Capacitive Touchscreens
capacitive Technology
-Now it works
2. Electrodes are spread
uniformly across thefield

1. Voltageis applied
to each conier

4 Controiter

calculates
position,
of the finger from.
the current

The PenTouch Capacitive screen is a
durable Capacitive type touchscreen with
an attached pen stylus. The PenTouch
screen can be set to respond to finger input
only, pen input only, or both. A capacitive
touch screen consists of a glass panel with
a capacitive (charge storing) material
coating its surface. Circuits located at
corners of the screen measure the
capacitance of a person touching the
overlay. Frequency changes are measured
to determine the X and Y coordinates of the
touch event.

i Touch of &ger draws current
from each side prépodionally

Capacitive type touch screens are very
durable, and have a high clarity. They are
used in a wide range of applications, from
restaurant and POS use to industrial controls and information kiosks.
Advantages
• High touch resolution
• High image clarity

Disadvantages
• Must be touched by finger or attached pen stylus, will
not work with any non-conductive input

• Not affected by dirt, grease,

moisture.
• Attached pen stylus for
precise input
Touchscreen Specifications
Touch Type:

3M PenTouch Capacitive

Cable Interface:

PC Serial/COM Port (9-pin) or USB Port

Touch
Resolution:

1024 x 1024

Activation Force: less than 3 ounces
Light
Transmission:

88% at 550 nm wavelength (visible light spectrum)

Durability Test:

100,000,000 plus touches at one point

Temperature:

Operating: -15°C to 50°C
Storage: -50°C to 85°C

Humidity:
Chemical

Operating: 90% RH at max 40°C, non-condensing
The active area of the touchscreen is resistant to all chemicals that do not affect glass, such as: Acetone.

Regulations:

Gasoline, Kerosene, Vinegar
UL, CE, TUV, FCC-8

Resistance:

Toluene, Methyl ethyl ketone, Isopropyl alcohol, Methyl alcohol, Ethyl acetate, Ammonia-based glass cleaners.

Software Drivers: WindowsXP, 2000, NT, ME, 98, 95, 3 1, DOS, Macintosh OS, Linux, Unix (3rd Party)

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F

PenTouch Capacitive Touchsc

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apacitive Touchscreens

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Introduction
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Sales
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Now at: Home > Introduction > Comparing Technologies > Comparing Touch Technologies > Capacitive

Our Con

Capacitive Touchscreens
Capacitive Technology
- How it Works
i Electrodes are spread
uniformly across the field

Voltage is applied
tn éactrcainer

4. Controller
calculates
position.
of the finger from.
the oùrrent

i Touch of finger draws curerit
fromeach side próportionälly

Advantages
e High touch resolution
e High image clarity
• Not affected by dirt, grease,
moisture.

Touch Type:
Cable Interface:

A capacitive touch screen consists of a
glass panel with a capacitive (charge
storing) material coating its surface. Circuits
located at corners of the screen measure
the capacitance of a person touching the
overlay. Frequency changes are measured
to determine the X and Y coordinates of the
touch event.
Capacitive type touch screens are very
durable, and have a high clarity. They are
used in a wide range of applications, from
restaurant and POS use to industrial
controls and information kiosks.

Disadvantages
• Must be touched by finger, will not work with any
non-conductive input

Touchscreen Specifications
3M ClearTek Capacitive
PC Serial/COM Port (9-pin) or USB Port

Touch
Resolution:

1024 x 1024

Activation Force:
Light
Transmission:
Durability Test:
Temperature:

less than 3 ounces
88% at 550 nm wavelength (visible light spectrum)

Humidity:
Chemical
Resistance:

Operating: 90% RH at max 40°C, non-condensing
The active area of the touchscreen is resistant to all chemicals that do not affect glass, such as: Acetone,
Toluene, Methyl ethyl ketone, Isopropyl alcohol, Methyl alcohol, Ethyl acetate, Ammonia-based glass cleaners,
Gasoline, Kerosene, Vinegar

100,000,000 plus touches at one point
Operating: -15°C to 50°C
Storage: -50°C to 85°C

Regulations:
UL, CE. TUV, FCC-B
Software Drivers: WindowsXP, 2000, NT, ME, 98, 95, 3.1, DOS, Macintosh OS, Linux, Unix (3rd Party)

TouchScreens.com is owned and operated by Mass Multimedia, Inc

Û Call: 1-800-348-8610

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Gapacitive Touchscreens

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APLNDC00025559

T4ouchscreen technology options - Elo TouchSystems

Page 1 of 3

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Touchscreen Technology Choices
PAarNERS

SUPPORT

ow To BuY
av.icES

COMPANY IN

Products

,

AccuTouch Five-Wire Resistive
AccuTouch five-wire resistive technology is the workhorse of
resistive touchscreens, providing unsurpassed performance. When
activated with a finger, gloved hand, fingernail, or object such as a
credit card, the AccuTouch touchscreen delivers a fast, accurate
response every time. It is impervious to environmental conditions
such as liquid spills and splashes, humidity, and washdown-the
most contamination-resistant touchscreen available. AccuTouch is
widely used in point-of-sale, industrial, and medical applications
and is available for both flat panel and CRT solutions. Read more
about AccuTouch technology.

AT4 Four-Wire Resistive
Elo TouchSystems' AT4 four-wire resistive technology is the entrylevel touch solution. Its benefits include stable operation, quick
touch response, input flexibility, narrow border width, less weight,
and low power consumption. AT4 resistive touchscreens are ideal
for industrial applications, portable medical and field automation
devices, access control terminals, office equipment, home
appliances, and wearable computers-almost anywhere a small
display is used. Read more about AT4 technology.

CarrollTouch Infrared
CarrollTouch infrared technology is the survivor of harsh
applications. It's the only technology that does not rely on an
overlay or substrate to register a touch, so it's impossible to
physically "wear out" the touchscreen. CarrollTouch technology
combines superior optical performance with excellent gasketsealing capabilities, so it's an excellent choice for harsh industrial
and outdoor kiosk applications. Touched with a finger, gloved
hand, fingernail, or stylus, it delivers a fast, accurate response
every time. CarrollTouch infrared technology is available for flat
panel solutions. Read mom about CarrollTouch technology.

IntelliTouch Surface Wave
IntelliTouch surface wave is the optical standard of touch. Its pure
glass construction provides superior optical performance and
makes it the most scratch-resistant technology available. It's nearly
impossible to physically "wear out" this touchscreen. IntelliTouch is
widely used in kiosk, gaming, and office automation applications
and is available for both flat panel and CRT solutions. Read more
about IntelliTouch technology.

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Touchscreen technology options - Elo TouchSystems

Page 2 of 3

SecureTouch Surface Wave
SecureTouch provides all the features of IntelliTouch along with
tempered glass construction for superior resistance to breakage
and vandalism. It's nearly impossible to physically break or "wear
out" these touchscreens. SecureTouch is widely used in kiosk,
gaming, and office automation applications and is available for flat
panel solutions. Read more about SecureTouch technology.

iTouch Touch-on-Tube Surface Wave
For CRT-based applications, iTouch touch-on-tube technology
provides superior optical and image quality. The surface wave
technology is applied directly to the faceplate of the CRT, so 100%
of the image's original brightness and clarity comes through. The
CRT faceplate is extremely strong and resistant to scratches,
breakage, and vandalism. iTouch is widely used in kiosk, gaming,
and office automation applications and is available for CRT
solutions. Read more about iTouch technology.

Projected Capacitive
Projected capacitive technology enables touches to be sensed
through a protective layer in front of a display, allowing
touchmonitors to be installed behind store windows or vandalresistant glass. DirectTouch consists of a 7.8 mm sensor with
tempered glass outer layer, and ThruTouch works through a
customer-installed outer layer. The complete system resists
impacts, scratches, and vandalism and is also unaffected by
moisture, heat, rain, snow and ice, or harsh cleaning fluids, making
it ideal for outdoor applications. The solid-state touchscreen and
controller provide increased levels of reliability and longer life
expectancy, resulting in a drift-free response and a lowmaintenance unit that requires no recalibration. Read more about
projected capacitive technology.

Surface Capacitive
Surface capacitive touchscreens provide a solution for customers
who want an alternative to their capacitive options available today.
Elo's narrow, patented Z-borders yield an inherently linear sensor.
The transparent protective coating makes the sensor resistant to
scratches and abrasions. Touch performance is unaffected by
everyday abuse and mishaps such as dirt, dust, condensation,
liquid spills, contaminants or cleaning solutions. Yet the surface
capacitive touchscreens respond quickly and easily with excellent
dragging performance. And the Elo-designed controller responds
to quick, light touches, and operates drift-free even in areas of
poor grounding. Read more about surface capacitive technology.

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8/5/2005
APLNDC00025562

SmartSkin: An Infrastructure for Freehand Manipulation on
Interactive Surfaces
Jun Rekimoto

Interaction Laboratory
Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
3-14-13 Higashigotanda
Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0022, Japan
Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Mail: [e-mail]
http://www.csl.sony.co.jp/person/rekimoto.html

ABSTRACT
This paper introduces a new sensor architecture for making
interactive surfaces that are sensitive to human hand and finger gestures. This sensor recognizes multiple hand positions
and shapes and calculates the distance between the hand and

the surface by using capacitive sensing and a mesh-shaped
antenna. In contrast to camera-based gesture recognition systems, all sensing elements can be integrated within the surface, and this method does not suffer from lighting and occlusion problems. This paper describes the sensor architecture,
as well as two working prototype systems: a table-size system and a tablet-size system. It also describes several interaction techniques that would be difficult to perform without
using this architecture.

Keywords
Interactive surfaces, gesture recognition, augmented tables,
two-handed interfaces, touch-sensitive interfaces.
INTRODUCTION
Many methods for extending computerized workspace beyond the computer screen have been developed. One goal
of this research has been to turn real-world surfaces, such as
tabletops or walls, into interactive surfaces [23, 21, 16, 20, 9].
The user of such a system can manipulate, share, and transfer
digital information in situations not associated with PCs. For
these systems to work, the user's hand positions often must
be tracked and the user's gestures must be recognizable to
the system. Hand-based interaction offers several advantages
over traditional mouse-based interfaces, especially when it is
used in conjunction with physical interactive surfaces.
While camera-based gesture recognition methods are the most
commonly used (such as [24, 13, 9]), they often suffer from
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for
personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies
are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that
copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy
otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists,
requires prior specific permission and/or a fee.
CHI 2002, April 20-25, 2002, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Copyright 2001 ACM 1-58113-453-3/02/0004...$5.00.

Figure 1: An interactive surface system based on the
SmartSkin sensor.
occlusion and lighting condition problems. To correctly capture hand images on a surface, a camera must be mounted
above the table or in front of the wall. As a result, the system
configuration becomes complex, making it difficult to implement the system as a portable (integrated) unit. The use
of magneto-electric sensors (e.g., Polhemus [15]) is another
possible sensing method, but it requires attaching a tethered
magneto-electric sensor to each object being tracked.
This paper introduces a new sensing architecture, called SmartSkin, which is based on capacitive sensing (Figure 1). Our
sensor accurately tracks the position of the user's hands (in
two dimensions) and also calculates the distance from the
hands to the surface. It is constructed by laying a mesh of
transmitter/receiver electrodes (such as copper wires) on the
surface. As a result, the interactive surface can be large, thin,
or even flexible. The surface does not need to be flat - i.e.,
virtually any physical surface can interactive. By increasing
the density of the sensor mesh, we can accurately determine
the shape of the hand and detect the different positions of the
fingers. These features enable interaction techniques that are
beyond the scope of normal mouse-based interactions.

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APLNDC00025563

To host
PC

wave signal

receiver
receiver

-

reference sigrial
signal
from
amp
electrode

-

-Ireceiver o

Figure 3: Interactive table with an 8 × 9 SmartSkin sensor: A sheet of plywood covers the antennas. The white
squares are spacers to protect the wires from the weight
of the plywood cover.

analõg
s itch
rg

i er

to ADC

amp

v v

Figure 2: The SmartSkin sensor configuration: A meshshaped sensor grid is used to determine the hand's position and shape.
We describe the sensing principle of SmartSkin and two
working systems: an interactive table system and a handgesture sensing tablet. We also describe new interaction techniques of these systems.
SMARTSKIN SENSOR ARCHITECTURE
Figure 2 shows the principle of operation of the SmartSkin
sensor. The sensor consists of grid-shaped transmitter and

receiver electrodes (copper wires). The vertical wires are
transmitter electrodes, and the horizontal wires are receiver
electrodes. When one of the transmitters is excited by a wave
signal (of typically several hundred kilohertz), the receiver
receives this wave signal because each crossing point (transmitter/receiver pairs) acts as a (very weak) capacitor. The
magnitude of the received signal is proportional to the frequency and voltage of the transmitted signal, as well as to
the capacitance between the two electrodes. When a conductive and grounded object approaches a crossing point, it
capacitively couples to the electrodes, and drains the wave
signal. As a result, the received signal amplitude becomes
weak. By measuring this effect, it is possible to detect the
proximity of a conductive object, such as a human hand.
The system time-dividing transmitting signal sent to each of
vertical electrodes and the system independently measures
values from each of receiver electrodes. These values are
integrated to form two-dimensional sensor values, which we
called "proximity pixels". Once these values are obtained,
algorithms similar to those used in image processing, such

as peak detection, connected region analysis, and template
matching, can be applied to recognize gestures. As a result,
the system can recognize multiple objects (e.g., hands). If the
granularity of the mesh is dense, the system can recognize the
shape of the objects.
The received signal may contain noise from nearby electric circuits. To accurately measure signals only from the
transmitter electrode, a technique called "lock-in amplifier"
is used. This technique uses an analogue switch as a phasesensitive detector. The transmitter signal is used as a ref--- signal for switching this analog switch, to enable the
system to select signals that have the synchronized frequency
and the phase of the transmitted signal. Normally, a control
signal needs to be created by phase-locking the incoming signal, but in our case, the system can simply use the transmitted signal, because the transmitter and the receiver are both
on the same circuit board. This feature greatly simplifies the
entire sensor design.
We chose a mesh-shaped electrode design for our initial experiment because of its simplicity and suitability for sensing
hand shapes as pixel patterns. Other layouts are possible, depending on the application requirements. For example, the
density of the mesh can be adjusted. In addition, since the
electrodes are simply thin copper wires, it is possible to create a very thin interactive surface such as interactive paper,
which can even be flexible.
rnus w. x PE 1: AN INTERACTIVE TABLE
Based on the principle described above, we developed two
interactive surfaces: a table-size system that can track multiple hand positions, and a smaller (and more accurate) system
that uses a finer electrode layout.
The table system is constructed by attaching sensor elements
to a wooden table. A mesh-like antenna, made of polyurethanecoated 0.5 mm-thick copper wire, is laid on the tabletop. The
number of grid cells is 8×9, and each grid cell is 10×10 cm.
The entire mesh covers an 80×90 cm area of the tabletop

APLNDC00025564

a potential field
created by bicubic

sensor values

peak position

Figure 4: top: A bicubic interpolation method is used
to detect the peak of the potential field created by hand
proximity. bottom: arms on a table and a corresponding
potential field.

Figure 6: Mouse emulation by using calculated hand position. The distance between the hand and the surface is
used to determine button-press and button-release states.

Figure 7: Two-handed operation is used to concatenate
two objects.
Figure 5: Relationship between distance between hand
and sensor and sensed values. The diameter of the circle
represents the amplitude of the sensed value.
(Figure 3). A plywood board covers the antennas. A signal transmitter / receiver circuit is attached to the side of
the table. Two Atmel AVR microprocessors control this
circuit. One microprocessor generates square-wave signals
(400 KHz) with firmware that directly controls the I/O port,
and the other microprocessor with a built-in A/D converter
measures the values of the received signals and transmits
them to the host computer. A projector is used to display
information on the table. The current implementation is capable of processing 8×9 sensor values 30 times per second.

When the user's hand is placed within 5-10 cm from the
table, the system recognizes the effect of the capacitance
change. A potential field is created when the hand is in the
proximity to the table surface. To accurately determine the
hand position, which is the peak of the potential field, a bicubic interpolation method is used to analyze the sensed data
(Figure 4). By using this interpolation, the position of the
hand can be determined by finding the peak on the interpolated curve. The precision of this calculated position is much
finer than the size of a grid cell. The current implementation
has an accuracy of I cm, while the size of a grid cell is 10 cm.
As for the distance estimation, although there is no way to
directly measure the precise distance between the hand and
the table surface, we can estimate relative distance. Figure 5

shows the relationship between the hand position and obtained A/D-converted values. Our system enables detecting
various levels of hand proximity, which is difficult to do with
other technologies such as computer vision.
Since each point on the grid can independently measure the
proximity of an object, the system can simultaneously track
more than one hand. This feature is important because many
table-based applications are used by more than one user.

Interaction techniques
We studied two types of basic interaction techniques for this
platform. One is 2D-position control with distance measurement, and the other uses a sensor potential field as input.

Mouse emulation with distance measurement The first interaction technique is the simple emulation of a mouse-like
interface. The estimated 2D position is used to emulate moving the mouse cursor, and the hand-surface distance is used to
emulate pressing the mouse button. A threshold value of the
distance is used to distinguish between pressed and released
states that the user can activate "mouse press" by touching
the table surface with the palm, and move the cursor without
pressing the mouse button by touching the table surface with
the fingers. Normally, touch-sensitive panels cannot distinguish between these two states, and many interaction techniques developed for the mouse (such as "mouse over") cannot be used. In contrast, an interactive table with a SmartSkin
sensor can emulate most mouse-based interfaces. Figure 6
shows how the user "drags" a displayed object.

APLNDC00025565

Figure 8: Shape-based object manipulation. The potential field created by the hand's proximity to the table is
used to move objects. The user can use both hands or
even entire arms to manipulate objects.

Figure 9: A gesture-recognition pad made up of a 32×24
grid mesh. A sheet of plastic insulating film covers Sensor
electrodes.

A notable advantage of SmartSkin over traditional -,,--based systems is its natural support for multiple-hand, multipleuser operations. Two or more users can simultaneously interact with the surface at the same time. The multiple-hand
capability can also be used to enhance object manipulation.
For example, a user can independently move objects with one
hand. He or she can also "concatenate" two objects by using

both hands, as shown in Figure 7, or can take objects apart in
the same manner.
Shape-basedmanipulation The other interaction technique,
which we call "shape-based manipulatio", does not explicitly
use the 2-D position of the hand. Instead, a potential field
created by sensor inputs is used to move objects. As the hand
approaches the table surface, each intersection of the sensor
grid measures the capacitance between itself and the hand.
By using this field, various rules of object manipulation can
be defined. For example, an object that "descend" to a lower
potential area repels from the human hand. By changing the
hand's position around the object, the direction and speed of
the object's motion can be controlled.
We implemented this interface and observed how users tried
to control objects. Overall, the reaction to the interface was
quite encouraging. The people were quickly able to use this
interface even though they did not fully understand the underlying dynamics. Many users naturally used two hands, or
even arms. For example, to move a group of objects, one can
sweep the table surface with one's arm. Two arms can be
used to "trap" and move objects (Figure 8).

PROTOTYPE 2: A GESTURE-RECOGNITION PAD
The table prototype demonstrates that this sensor configuration can be used to create interactive surfaces for manipulating virtual objects. Using a sensor with a fmer grid pitch
we should be able to determine the position and shape of
the hand more accurately. In addition, if the sensor can
sense more than one finger position, several new interaction

Figure 10: Gestures and corresponding sensor values.
(top: a hand on the
. mesh, middle: raw input values, bottom: after bicubic interpolation)
techniques are possible. For example, a 3D-modeling system often requires manipulation of multiple control points
such as curve control points. Normally, a user of traditional
mouse-based interfaces has to sequentially change these control points one by one. However, it would be more efficient
and more intuitive if the user could control many points simultaneously.
The second prototype uses a finer mesh pitch compared to
that of the table version (the number of grid cells is 32 × 24,
and each grid is 1 × l cm). A printed circuit board is used
for the grid electrodes (Figure 9). The prototype uses the
bicubic interpolation algorithm of the interactive table sys-

APLNDC00025566

Figure 14: A palm is used to trigger a corresponding action (opening menu items). The user then taps on one of
these menu items.

Figure 11: Fingertip detection.

Figure 12: Examples of uses of multiple-finger interfaces:
left: curve editing. right: a map browsing system. The
user can use one finger for panning, or two or more fingers for simultaneous panning and scaling.

electrodes
(copper film)

Figure 15: The "capacitance tag": a conductive pattern
attached at the bottom of an object is used to identify this
object.
the motion (consisting of moving, rotating, and scaling) that
best satisfies the constraints given by the fingers.
Another simple example is the expression of attributes during
manipulation. For example, the user normally drags a scroll
bar with one finger, but to increase the scrolling ratio, he or
she could use two or more fingers.

Figure 13: Two-finger gestures can be used to "pick-up"
objects.
tem, and it can determine the human hand shape as shown in
Figure 10. The peak detection algorithm can also be used,
and in this case, the algorithm can track multiple positions of
the fingertips, not just one position of the hand (Figure 11).

Interactions by using fingers and hand gestures
We studied three possible types of interaction for this platform. The first one is (multiple) finger tracking. Here, the
user simultaneously controls several points by moving his or
her fingertips. The second is using hand or fmger shape as input, and the third is identifying and tracking physical objects
other than the user's hands.
A typical example of a situation in which the multi-finger
interface is useful is diagram manipulation. A user can simultaneously move and rotate a displayed pictogram on the
surface with two fingers. If three or more fingers are used,
the system automatically uses a least-squares method to find

Figure 12 shows a map browsing system. The user scrolls
the map by sliding a finger along the sensor surface. The
scrolling speed increases with the number of fingers in contact with the surface. If the user touches the surface with two
or more fingers, by changing the distance from the fingers to
the surface, he/she can control the map scale. Simultaneous
control of scrolling and zooming is intuitive, because the user
feels as if his or her fingers are fixed to the map's surface.
Other possibilities we have explored include gesture commands. For example, two fingers moving toward the center of an object represent a "picking up" action (Figure 13),
while a similar outward motion represents a "dropping" action. There are probably many other actions or functions representable by multi-finger gestures, for example, those based
on the geographical relations between tapped fingers.
An example of using a hand shape as input is shown in Figure 14. In this example, the user places a hand on the surface,
its shape is recognized by the system, and a corresponding
action, in this case, "showing menu item", is triggered. The
action is selected by template matching. The system first

lists up connected regions (a group of sensor values that are

APLNDC00025567

connected), and then calculates the values of correlation between the stored templates. The system selects the region
with the highest correlation value, and if this value exceeds
a predetermined threshold value, the corresponding action is
activated. In Figure 14, the user first touches the surface with
his/her palm, then selects one of the displayed menu items.
Capacitance tags
While exploring several hand-based interaction techniques,
we also found a way to make the SmartSkin sensor interact
with objects besides than the hand. This feature can support
graspable / tangible user interfaces [2, 8].

The principle of this method, called "capacitance tags", is
shown in Figure 15. The capacitance tag block is made of
a dielectric material such as wood or plastic. Some parts of
this tag block are coated with a conductive material such as
copper-film. These-conductive-areas-are-connected-to each
other (by a copper wire, for example). This wire also connects the conductive areas at the bottom and at the top of the
block.
When this block is placed on the SmartSkin surface, the
sensor does not detect the capacitance change because the
block is ungrounded. However, when a user grasps it (and
touches the conductive area at the top), all the conductive
areas become grounded, and areas corresponding to the conductive parts coated at the bottom of the block can be detected. Since the geometrical relationship (e.g., the distance
between conductive areas) is predetermined, the system can
distinguish these patterns from other patterns created when
the user moves his/her hands or fingers. Essentially, the combination of conductive areas works like a barcode. In addition, the geometry of the patterns indicates the position and
orientation of the tag block. Simultaneous object identification and position tracking is a key technology for many postGUI user interface systems (such as [21, 22, 16]), and this
method should be a new solution for such systems.
Another advantage of this capacitance tag method is its ability to support simultaneous hand gestures, For example, a
user places a capacitance tag block on an interactive surface,
and then issues a "data transfer" command by hand-dragging
the displayed object toward the block.
DISCUSSIONS
Design issues
Most computers now use mice as input devices. With a
mouse, the user controls one 2D position on the screen, and
uses various interaction techniques, such as clicking or dragging. Although the mouse is a popular input device, its 'way'
of interaction is different from the way manipulate objects in
our daily lives. In the real world, we often use multiple fingers or both hands to manipulate a physical object. We control several points on the object's surface by touching, not by
using "one position of the cursor" as in GUI systems. Consequently, with mouse-based interfaces, we have to unnaturally
decompose some tasks into primitive operations.

In addition, our ability to interact with the physical environment is not limited to the control of multiple points. Hands
and fingers can also create various phenomena, such as pressure. As a result, interaction becomes more subtle and analogue.
Related work
Capacitivesensingforhuman-computerinteraction The idea
of using capacitive sensing in the field of human-computer
interfaces has a long history. Probably the earliest example
is a musical instrument invented by Theremin in the early
20th century, on which a player can control the pitch and
volume by changing the distance between the hand and the
antenna. Other examples include a "radio drum" [11], which
is also an electric musical instrument, and Lee et al.'s multifinger touch panel, which has a sub-divided touch-sensitive
surface [10].
Zimerrman et al.'s work [26] pioneered the sensing of an
electric field as a method for hand tracking and data communication (e.g., "personal area network" [25]). Although there
has been a lot of research in this area, interaction techniques,
like the ones described in this paper, have not been studied
extensively. Our other contributions to this field are the new
electrode design that enables accurate and scalable interactive surfaces, and the creation of tagged physical objects that
can be used in combination with hand gestures.
Hinkely et al. showed how a simple touch sensor (which is
also based on a simple capacitive sensor) can enhance existing input devices such as a mouse or a trackball [6].
Vision-based gesture recognition There have been a number of studies on using computer vision for human gesture
recognition [7]. However, achieving robust and accurate gesture recognition in unconditioned environments, such as the
home or office, is still difficult. The EnhancedDesk [9] uses
a thermo-infrared camera mounted above the table to extract
the shape of the hand from the background. In contrast to
these vision-based approaches, our solution does not rely on
the use of external cameras, and all the necessary sensors are
embedded in the surface. As a result, our technology offers
more design flexibility when we implement systems.
Other types of vision-based systems include HoloWall [13]
and Motion Processor [14]. Both systems use a video camera with an optical infrared filter for recognition, and infrared
lights are used to illuminate objects in front of the camera.
While Motion Processor directly uses this infrared reflection,
HoloWall uses a diffuser surface to eliminate the background
image. "Barehand" [19] is an interaction technique for a
large interactive wall. It enables recognizing hand shapes
by using a sensor similar to that of HoloWall, and it uses
the shapes to trigger corresponding actions. Using infrared
reflection, the system can detect not only the shape of the
hand, but also its distance from the camera. As a result, gestures that cannot be recognized by other vision-based systems, such as moving a finger vertically over a surface (i.e.,

APLNDC00025568

tapping), can be detected. However, like other vision-based
systems, these systems also require the use of external cameras and lights, and thus they cannot be integrated into a single unit.
Bimanualinterfaces Various types ofbimanual (two-handed)
interfaces (for example, see [1, 5, 17] and [4] for physiological analysis of these interfaces) have been studied. With such
an interface, the user normally holds two input devices (e.g.,
a trackball and a mouse), and controls two positions on the
screen. For example, the user of ToolGlasses [1] controls the
tool-palette location with his/her non-dominant hand, while
the cursor position is controlled by the user's dominant hand.
Some bimanual systems [5, 17] provide higher-degree-offreedom control by using motion- or rotation-sensitive input
devices. With the SmartSkin sensor, the user can also control
more than two points at the same time, and the shape of the
arm or hand can be used as input. This is another approach
to achieving higher-degree-of-freedom manipulation.
In contrast to two-handed interfaces, interaction techniques
that are based on the use of multiple fingers have not been
well explored. DualTouch [12] uses a normal touch panel to
detect the position of tow fingers. Its resistive touch panel
gives the middle position between two fingers when two positions are pressed, and assuming that the position of one
finger is known (i.e., fixed to the initial position), the position of the other finger can be calculated. DualTouch can
perform various interaction techniques such as "tapping and
dragging", but due to this assumption of the initial position,
most multiple-finger interfaces described in this paper are not
possible.
CONCLUSION AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE WORK
Our new sensing architecture can turn a wide variety of physical surfaces into interactive surfaces. It can track the position and shape of hands and fingers, as well as measure their
distance from the surface. We have developed two working
interactive surface systems based on this technology: a table
and a tablet, and have studied various interaction techniques
for them.
This work is still at an early stage and may develop in several
directions. For example, interaction using multiple fingers
and shapes is a very new area of human-computer interaction, and the interaction techniques described in this paper
are just a few examples. More research is needed, in particular, focusing on careful usability evaluation.
Apart from investigating different types of interaction techniques, we are also interested in the following research directions.
Using a non-flat surface as an interaction medium: Places
of interaction are not limited to a tabletop. Armrests or table
edges, for example, can be good places for interaction, but
have not been studied well as places for input devices. Placing SmartSkin sensors on the surface of 'pet' robots, such as

Sony's AIBO, is another possibility. The robot would behave
more naturally when interacting with humans. Similarly, if a
game pad were "aware" of how the user grasps it, the game
software could infer the user's emotions from this information.

Combination with tactile feedback' Currently, a SmartSkin
user can receive only visual feedback, but if SmartSkin could
make the surface vibrate by using a transducer or a piezo
actuator, the user could "feel" as if he/she were manipulating
a real object (the combination of a touch panel and tactile
feedback is also described by Fukumoto [3]). 1
Use of transparent electrodes: A transparent SmartSkin
sensor can be obtained by using Indium-Tin Oxide (ITO) or
a conductive polymer. This sensor can be mounted in front
of a flat panel display or on a rear-projection screen. Because
most of today's flat panel displays rely on active-matrix and
transparent electrodes, they can be integrated with SmartSkin
electrodes. This possibility suggests that in the future, display devices that will be interactive from the beginning, and
will not require "retrofitting" sensor elements into them.
We also want to make transparent tagged objects by combining transparent conductive materials with the use of capacitance tags as shown in Figure 15. This technology will
enable creating interface systems such as "DataTiles" [18],
a user can interact with the computer via the use of tagged
physical objects and hand gestures.
Data communication between the sensor surface and other
objects: Because the SmartSkin sensor uses a wave signal
controlled by software, it is possible to encode this signal
with data. For example, location information can be transmitted from a SmartSkin table, and a digital device such as a
PDA or a cellular phone on the table can recognize this information and trigger various context-aware applications. The
table could also encode and transmit a "secret key" to mobile
devices on the table, and these devices can establish a secure
network with this key.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We thank our colleagues at Sony Computer Science Laboratories for the initial exploration of ideas described in this paper. We also thank Shigeru Tajima for the valuable technical
advice, Takaaki Ishizawa and Asako Toda for their contribution to the implementation of the prototype system. We also
would like to thank Toshi Doi and Mario Tokoro for their
continuing support of our research.
REFERENCES
1. Eric A. Bier, Maureen C. Stone, Ken Pier, William Buxton, and Tony DeRose. Toolglass and Magic Lenses:
The see-through interface. In James T. Kajiya, edOne interesting but unasked question is "Is it possible to provide tactile
or similar feedback to a user whose hand is in the proximity of the surface,
but not directly touching the surface?".

APLNDC00025569

itor, Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings), volume 27, pages 73-80, August 1993.

15. Polhemus, Inc., Colchester, Vermont. 3SPACE ISOTRAK User's Manual, 1987.

2. George W. Fitzmaurice, Hiroshi Ishii, and William
Buxton. Bricks: laying the foundations for graspable
user interfaces. In CHI'95 Conference, pages 442-449,
1995.

16. Jun Rekimoto and Masanori Saitoh. Augmented Surfaces: A spatially continuous workspace for hybrid
computing environments. In Proceedings of ACM
CHI'99, pages 378-385, May 1999.

3. Masaaki Fukumoto and Toshiaki Sugimura. ActiveClick: Tactile feedback for touch panels. In CHI
2001summary, pages 121-122, 2001.

17. Jun Rekimoto and Eduardo Sciammarella. ToolStone:
Effective use of the physical manipulation vocabularies
of input devices. In Proc. of UIST2000, 2000.

4. Y. Guiard. Asymmetric divisoin of labor in human
skilled bimanual action: the kinematic chain as a
model. Journal of Motor Behavior, pages 485-517,
1987.

18. Jun Rekimoto, Brygg Ullmer, and Haruo Oba.
DataTiles: a modular platform for mixed physical and
graphical interactions. In CHI2001 proceedings, pages
269-276, 2001.

5. Ken Hinckley, Randy Pausch, John C. Goble, and
Neal F~KäWell. Passive reaMvoHd iiitëffacTprops for
neurosurgical visualization. In CHI'94 Proceedings,
pages 452-458, 1994.

19. Meredith Ringel, Henry Berg, Yuhui Jin, and Terry
Winograd. Barehands: implement-free interaction with
a wall-mounted display. In CHI 2001 summary, pages

6. Ken Hinckley and Mike Sinclair. Touch-sensing input
devices. In CHI'99 Proceedings, pages 223-230, 1999.
7. IEEE. Proceedings of the fourth ieee international
conference on automatic face and gesture recognition,
2000.

20. Norbert A. Streitz, Jorg Geisler, Torsten Holmer,
Shin'ichi Konomi, Christian Muller-Tomfelde andWolfgang Reischl, Petr Rexroth, Peter Seitz, and Ralf
Steinmetz. i-LAND: An interactive landscape for creativity and innovation. In CHI'99 Proceedings, pages
120-127, 1999.

8. Hiroshi Ishii and Brygg Ullmer. Tangible Bits: Towards
seamless interfaces between people, bits and atoms. In
CHI'97 Proceedings, pages 234-241, 1997.

21. Brygg Ullmer and Hiroshi Ishii. The metaDESK: models and prototypes for tangible user interfaces. In
UIST'97 Pmceedings, pages 223-232, 1997.

9. Hideki Koike, Yoichi Sato, Yoshinori Kobayashi, Hiroaki Tobita, and Motoki Kobayashi. Interactive textbook and interactive venn diagram: natural and intuitive interfaces on augmented desk system. In CH12000
Proceedings, pages 121-128, 2000.

22. John Underkoffler and Hiroshi Ishii. Illuminating
Light: An optical design tool with a luminous-tangible
interface. In CHI'98 Pmceedings, pages 542-549,
1998.

10. S.K. Lee, William Buxton, and K. C. Smith. A multitouch three dimensional touch-sensitive tablet. In CHI
'85 Proceedings, pages 21 - 25, 1985.
11. M. Mathews and W. Schloss. The radiodrum as a synthesis controller. In Proceedings international computer music conference, 1989.
12. Nobuyuki Matsushita, Yuji Ayatsuka, and Jun Rekimoto. Dual Touch: a two-handed interface for penbased PDAs. In ACM UIST 2000 Poceedings, pages
211-212, 2000.
13. Nobuyuki Matsushita and Jun Rekimoto. HoloWall:
Designing a Finger, Hand, Body, and Object Sensitive
Wall. In Proceedings ofUIST'97, October 1997.

367-368, 2001.

23. Pierre Wellner. The DigitalDesk calculator: Tangible
manipulation on a desk top display. In ACM UIST'91
Proceedings, pages 27-34, November 1991.
24. Pierre Wellner. Interacting with paper on the DigitalDesk. CommunicationoftheACM, 36(7):87-96, August 1993.
25. Thomas Zimmerman. Personal area networks: Nearfield intrabody communication. IBMSystems Journal,
35(3-4):609-417, 1996.

26. Thomas G. Zimmerman, Joshua R. Smith, Joseph A.
Paradiso, David Allport, and Neil Gershenfeld. Applying electric field sensing to human-computer interfaces.
In CHI'85 Proceedings, pages 280--287, 1995.

14. Shunichi Numazaki, Akira Morshita, Naoko Umeki,
Minoru Ishikawa, and Miwako Doi. A kinetic and 3D
image input device. In Proceedings of the conference
on CHI98summary, pages 237-238, 1998.

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WACOM Components - Technology

Page 1 of 4

WACOA ---

for smartphones | pc

Technology
WACOM patented its EMR (Electro-Magnetic Resonance) send and position sensing technology

over 14 years ago. We also call it the Electro-Magnetic Send and Receive method, as we will
explain below. WACOM has recently invested in re-branding it's EMR Send and Receive method
and renamed it Penabled . Penabled

by WACOM is the new technology brand for our novel

EMR technology, and it is identical in terms of the core technology we have being using over
the last decade and a half.

How it's made
A component-less printed circuit board where the copper tracks provide a multitude of overlapping antenna coils in both the x and y directions. The p.c.b. is manufactured from glass
epoxy or PET film. Underneath the sensor is a magnetic reflector used to enhance and shield
the magnetic field. The sensor is placed underneath and penetrates the display. Hence there is
no transmission loss of the display, and also since the sensor is embedded behind the display it

is not prone to damage.
How it works
The sensor

Each antenna coil is energized in turn. This generates a close coupled field in the h-domain at a
very low energy level (< -25dbuA) and resonant frequency.
The pen

This energy couples with a tank circuit which is located in the pen. The pen is battery-less. It is
the simplest type of EMR pen, and contains just an inductor & capacitor in its simplest

embodiment. The inductance and capacitance values of the tank circuit are selected to match
the resonant frequency of the antenna coil.

http://www.wacom-components.com/english/tech.asp

10/10/2004
APLNDC00025572

WACOM Components - Technology

Page 2 of 4

Getting the position

Transmitting Co

Coll Switching)

v

The coupled energy resonates with the tank circuit and reflects back towards the sensor board
by forming a shaped h-domain field at the tip of the pen.

As this happens the same antenna coil is switched to receive this reflected energy and provide
an analogue signal. This process is repeated in rapid succession with all antenna coils.
All of this analogue data is then collected and converted into digital signals that can be postprocessed to give x, y and z position information.

Shleid Plate

The pen has to be a maximum of 14mm from the sensor surface for it to be acquired. The
sensor can track the pen in 3 dimensions as it hovers above it. The sensor only detects a "pen
down" signal when pressure is applied to the pen tip.
Additional data
Pressure

Depending on the technology in the pen we can also provide varying levels of pressure up to
1024. There are two main systems we employ. One uses a change in the phase angle part of
the inductance at the pen tip. The other uses the same philosophy but on the capacitance part.

http://www.wacom-components.com/english/tech.asp

10/10/2004
APLNDC00025573

WACOM Components - Technology

Page 3 of 4

The MP-200-00 or "Slim Pen" above, uses inductive change and gives up to 256 levels of
pressure. By using this method the pen diameter can be as thin as 5 mm.

The UP-813E uses capacitive change by virtue of another proprietary WACOM component, the
"C-Switch". This allows up to 1024 levels of pressure.

Other functions
Also by having a switch in the pen to alter slightly the resonance frequency, you can detect
additional tools such as a side-switch or eraser.
Another unique feature of our EMR technology is the ability to detect pen tilt up to 50 degrees
in any direction.
Wher does the data go7

Once the raw data is gathered from the sensor board, by our custom W8001 ASIC it is relayed

to a low cost standard 8-bit MCU by a synchronous serial interface. Calculations are then
performed using complex algorithms developed by us over many years. A significant amount of
these algorithms are based on our undisclosed proprietary know-how. These calculations

http://www.wacom-components.com/english/tech.asp

10/10/2004
APLNDC00025574

'WACOM Components - Technology

Page 4 of 4

transform the raw data into x, y, z, pressure, and tilt data.

We also perform error correction calculations to counteract distortions in the electromagnetic
field caused by external influences.

Distortions can occur especially at the edge of the sensor when combined with an LCD, because
many LCD's have metal frames around them.

LCD

LCD

Sensor -

(Motherboard,

Shield

LCD

Sensor,

Also inductive components, such as switching transformers used in backlights and DC-DC
convertors.

Penabled

This corrected data is then transferred to the host microprocessor through either an
asynchronous serial interface (e.g. UART) or a synchronous serial interface (e.g. SSI, SPI, I2C).
This data can then be read by the pen driver resident in the host OS.

© WACOM 2002

http://www.wacom-components.com/english/tech.asp

10/10/2004
APLNDC00025575

.,., ,,,

Home

smartphones pdal tablet pc

Company ! Product

Technology

News i Cantact i Search i

Technoicgy
WACOM
its EMR (Electro-Magnetic Resonance) send and position sensing technology over 14
years ago. We also call it the Electro-Magnetic Send and Receive method, as we wdt explain below.
WACOM has recently invested in re-branding it s EMR Send and Receive method and renamed it
Penablede Penabled by WACOM is the new technology brand for our novel EMR technology, and it îs
identical in terms of the Core technology we have being using over the last decade and a half.

How it's made
A component-less printed circuit board where the Copper tracks provide a multitude of over•lapping

antenna coils in both the x and y directions. The p.c.b. is manufactured from glass epoxy or PET film.
Underneath the sensor is a magnetic reflector used to enhance and shield the magnetic field. The sensor
is placed undemeath and penetrates the display. Hence there is no transmission loss of the display, and
also since the sensor is embedded behind the display it is not prone to damage.
How it works
The sensor

Each antenna coil is energized in turn. This generates a close coupied fleid in the h-domain at a very low
energy level (< -25dbuA) and resonant frequency.
The pen

This energy couples with a tank drcuit which is located in the pen. The pen is battery-less. It is the
simplest type of EMR pen, and contains just an inductor & capacitor in its simplest embodiment. The
inductance and capacitance values of the tank circuit are selected to match ttte resonant frequency of the

antenna coil.

Getting the position

The coupled energy resonates with the tank circuit and reflects back towards the sensor board by forming
a shaped h-domain field at the tip of the pen.

As this happens trie same antenna coil is switched to receive this reflected energy and provide an
analogue signaL This process is repeated in rapid succession with all antenna coils.

A!! of this analogue data is then Collected and converted into digital signals that can be post-processed to
give x, y and I position information.

CO

.

-a--saa--me
inewWMelti

APLNDC00025576

The pen has to be a maximum of 14mm from the sensor surface for it to be acquired. The sensor can
track the pen m 3 dimensions as it hovers above st. The sensor only detects a "pen down? signatwhen

pressure rs applied to ttle pen tip

Additional data
Pressure

Depending on the technology in the pen we can also provide varying levels of pressure up to 1024. There
are two mam systems we employ. One uses a change en the phase angte part of the inductance at the
pen Op. The other uses the same Phil0500AY but On the Cap3CitanCe part.

e

The MP-200-00 or "Slim Pen above, uses inductive change and gives up to 256 fevels of pressure. By
usmg this method the pen diameter can be as thin as 5 mm.

The UP-813E uses caoacitive change by virtue of another proprietary WACOM component, the "C-Switch".

This allows up to 1024 levels of pressure.
Other functions

Also by having a switch in the pen to alter slightly the resonance frequency, you can detect additional
tools such as a side-switch or eraser.
Another unique feature of our EMR technology is the ability to detect pen tilt up to 50 degrees in any
direction.
Wher does the data go?

Once the raw data is gathered from the sensor board, by our custom WSOO1 ASIC it is relayed to a low
cost standard 8-bit MCU by a synchronous serial interface. Calculations are then performed using complex
algorithms developed by us over many years. A significant amount of these algorithms are based on our

disclœ0sed pmprietag know-how. These calculations transform the raw data into x, y, z, pressure, and
We also perform error correction calCulations to Counteract distortions in the electromagnetic field Caused
by external influences.

Distortions can occur especiallY of the edge of the sensor when combined with an t.CD, because many

LCD*t have metal frames around them,

APLNDC00025577

BilgWBWMMINIInil

mmmmmmmmesa

Also inductive components, such as switching transionners used in backlights and DC-DC Convertors.
This corrected data is then transferred to the host microprocessor through either an asynchronous serial

interface (e.g. UART) or a synchronous senai interface (e.g. SSI, SPI, [2C). This data can then be read by
ene bien

v^COM i

the pen driver resident in the host 05.

2

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LG

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Comparing Touch Technologies

Introduction

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Comparing Touch Technologies
Comparing Touch
Technologies:
+ 4-Wire Resistive
S-Wire Resistive

We offer touchscreen products with several of the most widely used touchscreen
technologies. Each type of screen has unique characteristics that can make it a better
choice for certain applications. Follow the links below for information on the different
touch technologies that we offer and recommend. Please contact us if you have any
QUBSÍiOns or would like assistance selecting a touch technology for your application.

Capacitive

eap

c

. Suavaece Acoustic
> Near Field Imaging
. Infrared

4-Wire Resistive Touchscreens
4-Wire Resistive touchscreen technology is used in the touch add-ons that we

offer for PC monitors and notebooks. It is a reliable and affordable technology
that is widely used by individuals and in less demanding workplace
appliCSÍiODS. It is pressure sensitive so it responds to any input device,
including finger, gloved hand, or pen stylus. Follow this link for more
information.
5-Wire Resistive Touchscreens

We offer 5-Wire Resistive touchscreen technology with the CRT and LCD touch
monitors that we offer. It is a durable and accurate technology that is widely
used in demanding workplace applications such as point-of-sale systems,
industrial controls, and medical systems. It is pressure sensitive so it responds
to any input device, including finger, gloved hand, or pen stylus. Follow this link
for more information.

Capacitive Touchscreens
We offer Capacitive touchscreen technology with the CRT and LCD touch
monitors that we offer. It is a durable technology that is used in a wide range of
applications including point-of-sale systems, industrial controls, and public
information kiosks. It has a higher clarity than Resistive technology, but it only
responds to finger contact and will not work with a gloved hand or pen stylus.
Follow this link for more information.
PenTouch Capacitive Touchscreens
We offer PenTouch Capacitive touchscreen technology with the CRT and LCD
touch monitors that we offer. This screen combines durable Capacitive
technology with a tethered pen stylus. The screen can be set to respond to
finger input only, pen input only, or both. The pen stylus is a good choice for
signature capture, on-screen annotations, or for applications requinng precise
input. Follow this link for more information.

Surface Acoustic Wave Touchscreens
We offer Surface Acoustice Wave touchscreen technology with the CRT and
LCD touch monitors that we offer. It is a very durable screen that is widely used
in applications such as computer based training and information kiosk displays.
The SAW screen is a good choice for applications where image clarity is
important, but it may not perform well in extremely dirty or dusty environments.
Responds to finger or soft rubber tipped stylus. Follow this link for more
information.
Near Field Imaging Touchscreens

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10/10/2004
APLNDC00025580

Comparing Touch Technologies

Page 2 of 2

We offer Near Field imaging touchscreen technology as one of the custom LCD
touch monitoF solutions that we can provide. It is an extremely durable screen
that is suited for use in industrial control systems and other harsh
environments. The NFI type screen is not affected by most surface
contaminants or scratches. Responds to finger or gloved hand. Follow this link
for more information.
Infrared Touchscreens
We offer Infrared touchscreen technology with the Plasma display solutions that
we offer. This is the only type of touch technology that we have available for
large displays such as 42-inch Plasma screens. It is a durable technology that
offers high image clarity. Responds to any input device or stylus. Follow this
link for more information.

TouchScreens.com is owned and operated by Mass Multimedia, Inc

http://www.touchscreens.comlintro-touchtypes.html

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APLNDC00025581

Cirque: GlidePoint technology for touch navigation.

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lt
Cirque's original GlidePoint technology can be found in laptops, keyboards, PDAs and countless
more computing devices all over the world. It provides complete navigation control of any
graphical interface, packed in a space-saving, low-friction, extremely durable touchpad.
Based upon a mutual balanced capacitance design, the touchpad is mounted onto a Printed
Circuit Board (PCB) where the user's finger gIldes. Below the electrically-insulating surface lies a
sophisticated sensor system which responds to the most precise finger movements. This allows
for a wide range of capacitance while providing the ability to detect small imbalances.
GlldePoint sensor dimensions can vary greatly. At any size, it will maintain excellent resolution
and tracking capability, providing unparalleled flexibility in product designs. Additionally,

GIldePoint technology can detect grounded and ungrounded objects, and distinguish between the
two types because of the balanced capacitive method. This eliminates Interference between the
user and the interface.

About GlideSensor'"
A variation on GlidePoint technology, GlideSensor products typically consist of a thin, polyester or
plastic flexible printed sensor array and a separate rigid PCB controller assembly (see product
e×ample). This unique two-part design allows it to be readily integrated into a variety of OEM
products, particularly those that require isolation from harsh environments (such as marine
applications, public kiosks, phones).

GlideSensor is not limited to flat, solid-surface use; it can be mounted onto screens and contours,
and can even sense through irregular surfaces and wide gaps. Plus, it can be mounted

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Cirque: GlidePoint technology for touch navigation.

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underneath nonconductive surfaces, eliminating the need for a bezel opening and providing a

cornpletely sealed interface system.

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ynaptics Technologies :: Capacitive Position Sensing

0.o
About Synaplics

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Enriching the Interaction
:: Products

:: Home
TECHNOLOGIES
Capacitive Position Sensing
Capacitive Force Sensing
Transparent Capacitive
Position Sensing
Inductive Position Sensing
Pattern Recognition
Mixed Signal VLSI
Proprietary Microcontroller
Briefs & Whitepapers

:: Technologies

:: News & Events

:: Investor Relations

;; Support & Drivi

Capacitive Position Sensing
Synaptics is a world leader in capacitive touch sensing technology. This technology is at the
industry-standard TouchPad products. Since the introduction of the TouchPad, we have exp
technology in a variety of directions including pen sensors, force sensors, and flexible touch

How the TouchPad Works
Synaptics TouchPad devices work by sensing an electrical property called capacitance. Wh
electrically conductive objects come near to each other without touching, their electric fields
form capacitance. The surface of a TouchPad sensor is an array of conductive metal electrc
by a protective insulating layer. The human finger is also an electrical conductor, and when :
finger on a TouchPad, a tiny capacitance forms between your finger and the metal electrode
TouchPad. The insulating layer protects the TouchPad sensor from wear by preventing your
actually touching the sensor, and is textured to help your finger move smoothly across the s

Synaptics
ASIC

The TouchPad sensor's sensitive analog electronics measure the amount of capacitance in
electrodes. By sensing when the capacitance increases, the TouchPad can tell when your fi
touching. By measuring which electrodes have the most capacitance, the TouchPad can als
finger to an accuracy of better than 1/1000th of an inch. The capacitive sensing ASIC chip ir
proprietary microprocessor that computes the finger's position and speed and reports them 1
computer in the form of cursor motion.

On a PC, the TouchPad can work with any mouse driver, but it works best with the Synaptic
driver. When used with the Synaptics driver, the TouchPad reports not just the mouse-like n
finger, but also the absolute position of the finger on the TouchPad surface as well as the ar
pressure. The driver uses this extra information to enhance the user interface in a variety of
example, if the finger moves up and down along the right-hand edge of the pad, the driver a
patented Virtual Scrolling feature.

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ynaptics Technologies :: Capacitive Position Sensing

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In addition, a general purpose TouchPad Application Programming Interface (API) is availat
Customer Support-Developer's Support sectiertof the web site, which allows adaptation of c
into othäryödü tä. The underlying capacitive technology in the TouchPad can be develope
variety of devices, such as cell phones, MP3 players, PDAs, touchscreens, and remote cont
Synaptics capacitive sensing technology has been used to provide 2D cursor control, 1D sc
functionality, and replace electrical switches in many types of electronic devices.

Synaptics' capacitive sensing technology has numerous advantages over competing techno
membrane switches and resistive sensors. Its solid-state construction makes it extraordinari
because our capacitive sensor is so versatile, it can be made extremely thin, lightweight, fle:
transparent. The proprietary microprocessor makes it possible to build custom capacitive so
special applications.

©2004 Synaptics Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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8/5/2005
APLNDC00025585

3ynaptics Technologies :: Transparent Capacitive Force Sensing

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Enriching the interaction
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TECHNOLOGIES
Capacitive Position Sensing
Capacitive Force Sensing

TransparentCapacitive
Position Sensing

TranSparent Capacitive Position Sensing

inductive Position Sensing

Pattern Recognition
Mixed Signal VLSI

The versatility of Synaptics' transparent capacitive sensing technology makes it suitable for
applications, including PCs, cell phones, and touch screens, which require transparent, and

Proprietary Microcontroller
Briefs & Whitepapers

even flexible sensors.

Synaptics' transparent capacitive sensors provide all the functionality and performance of St
TouchPad devices for both small and large touch screen applications. Compared to resistivt
screens, Synaptics capacitive sensors offer superior durability and higher light transmissività
stays brighter and clearer, while consuming less power.
Our transparent capacitive position sensing technology operates in a manner very similar to
capacitive sensing technology. To capacitively locate a finger, sense wires are formed usinc
conductors. Most commonly, indium tin oxide (ITO) is used, and can be placed over polyest,
polycarbonate, glass or any viewable surface.
Our two-dimensional transparent capacitive position sensing technology utilizes a grid of the
accurately locate the X, Y and "pressure" of a finger on a sensor. Typically, ITO-coated PET
form arrays of wires. This provides a strong, simple, and flexible sensor that can be placed i
display. (Figure 1)

PET
Adhes
ITO
PET

Adhes

LCD
Figure 1

The most common alternative to transparent capacitive sensing is resistive technology. In a
resistive touch screen, two layers of ITO-coated PET are separated by an air gap. When the
pressed, the top layer bends to make contact with the bottom layer (Figure 2). The point of <
calculated by placing a voltage gradient across the top ITO layer, and then measuring the vt
bottom layer.

http://www.synaptics.com/technology/tcps.cfm

8/5/2005
APLNDC00025586

Synaptics Technologies :: Transparent Capacitive Force Sensing

Page 2 of 2

Air ga;
and sg
Figure 2
Advantages of Synaptics' Transparent Capacitive Position Sensing Technology
Synaptics' capacitive solution offers several fundamental technical advantages. Capacitive :
completely solid state, with no moving parts-this contributes to its high reliability and durab
contrast, resistive screens are physical switches that must flex and rub in use, decreasing tt
lifetime.
Because capacitance can be sensed through most materials, designers are not limited to pli
materials as required by resistive sensing technology. Capacitive sensing operates even wh
is placed undemeath a durable surface, such as polycarbonate or acrylic. In this situation, tt
sensor has the environmental durability of its rigid overlay, allowing it to function in environn
other technologies fail.
Synaptics' transparent capacitive sensors are optically simpler than resistive touch screens.
index-matched adhesives, and the lack of an air gap and spacer dots, provide for fewer inte
reflections. Absorption of light is also minimized, since very thin conductive layers are used.
the physical stack-up of a resistive panel requires the use of an air gap, and steps must be t
minimize the loss of light as it passes through layers with differing refractive indices.
Lastly, unlike resistive sensors, Synaptics' capacitive sensors don't need to maintain a critica
between the sensor layers. Flexing or deforming a resistive sensor can affect the spacing be
in contrast, Synaptics sensors can be attached to curved surfaces without loss of functionali
these differences, the Synaptics technology allows designers to add inexpensive and simple
sensing in applications that other technologies cannot approach.

© 2004 Synaptics Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Howstuffworks "How do touchscreen monitors know where you're touching?"

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monitors know where
you're touching?
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o 80
CKÌ€Your B
Touchscreen monitors have become more and more commonplace as their ¡
steadily dropped over the past decade. There are three basic systems that a
recognize a person's touch:
• Resistive
• Capacitive
. Surface acoustic wave

The resistive system consists of a normal glass panel that is covered with i
and a resistive metallic layer. These two layers are held apart by spacers, a
resistant layer is placed on top of the whole setup. An electrical current runs
two layers while the monitor is operational. When a user touches the screen,
layers make contact in that exact spot. The change in the electrical field is nt
coordinates of the point of contact are calculated by the computer. Once the
are known, a special driver translates the touch into something that the op_en
can understand, much as a computer mouse driver translates a mouse's mo
click or a drag.
In the capacitive system, a layer that stores electrical charge is placed or

panel of the monitor. When a user touches the monitor with his or her finger,
charge is transferred to the user, so the charge on the capacitive layer decre
decrease is measured in circuits located at each corner of the monitor. The
calculates, from the relative differences in charge at each corner, exactly wh.
event took place and then relays that information to the touchscreen driver s
advantage that the capacitive system has over the resistive system is that it

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almost 90 percent of the lig_ht from the monitor, whereas the resistive system
transmits about 75 percent. This gives the capacitive system a much clearer

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/question716.htm

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Howstuffworks "How do touchscreen monitors know where you're touching?"

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the resistive system.

Digital
made
simple
with Click &
Leam articles

On the monitor of a surface acoustic wave system, two transducers (one
one sending) are placed along the x and y axes of the monitor's glass plate.
on the glass are reflectors -- they reflect an electrical signal sent from one ti
the other. The receiving transducer is able to tell if the wave has been disturl
event at any instant, and can locate it accordingly. The wave setup has no n
on the screen, allowing for 100-percent light throughput and perfect image ci
makes the surface acoustic wave system best for displaying detailed graphic
systems have significant degradation in clarity).

Another area in which the systems differ is in which stimuli will register as a
A resistive system registers a touch as long as the two layers make contact,
that it doesn't matter if you touch it with your finger or a rubber ball. A capaci
on the other hand, must have a conductive input, usually your finger, in orde
touch. The surface acoustic wave system works much like the resistive syste
touch with almost any object - except hard and small objects like a pen tip.
As far as price, the resistive system is the cheapest; its clarity is the lowest o
and its layers can be damaged by sharp objects. The surface acoustic wave
usually the most expensive.

Here are some interesting links:
• Elo Touchsystems
e
.
•
•

Touchscreens.com
Troll Touch Touchscreens
How PDAs Work
How computer Monitors Work

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How Does a Touchscreen Work?

Introduction

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Now at: Home > Introduction > How Touchscreens Work

How Does a Touchscreen Work?
A basic touchscreen has three main
components: a touch sensor, a
controller, and a software driver. The
touchscreen is an input device, so it
needs to be combined with a display and
a PC or other device to make a complete
touch input system.

'

i Touch Sensor

A touch screen sensor is a clear glass
panel with a touch responsive surface.
The touch sensor/panel is placed over a
display screen so that the responsive
area of the panel covers the viewable area of the video screen. There are several different touch sensor
technologies on the market today, each using a different method to detect touch input. The sensor
generally has an electrical current or signal going through it and touching the screen causes a voltage
or signal change. This voltage change is used to determine the location of the touch to the --n.
2. Controller

The controller is a small PC card that connects between the touch sensor and the PC. It takes
information from the touch sensor and translates it into information that PC can understand. The
controller is usually installed inside the monitor for integrated monitors or it is housed in a plastic case
for external touch add-onsloverlays. The controller determines what type of interface/connection you
will need on the PC. Integrated touch monitors will have an extra cable connection on the back for the
touchscreen. Controllers are available that can connect to a Serial/COM port (PC) or to a USB port (PC
or Macintosh). Specialized controllers are also available that work with DVD players and other devices.
3. Software Driver

The driver is a software update for the PC system that allows the touchscreen and computer to work
together. It tells the computer's operating system how to interpret the touch event information that is
sent from the controller. Most touch screen drivers today are a mouse-emulation type driver. This
makes touching the screen the same as clicking your mouse at the same location on the screen. This
allows the touchscreen to work with existing software and allows new applications to be developed
without the need for touchscreen specific programming. Some equipment such as thin client terminals,
DVD players, and specialized computer systems either do not use software drivers or they have their
own built-in touch screen driver.
Touchscreens Add-ons and Integrated
Touchscreen Monitors

We offer two main types of touchscreen
products, touchscreen add-ons and integrated
touchscreen monitors. Touchscreen add-ons
are touchscreen panels that hang over an
existing computer monitor. Integrated
touchscreen monitors are computer displays
that have the touchscreen built-in. Both product
types work in the same way, basically as an
input device like a mouse or trackpad.
Touchscreens As Input Device

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All of the touchscreens that we offer basically work like a mouse. Once the software driver for the
touchscreen is installed, the toúchscreen emulates mouse functions. Touching the screen is basically
the same as clicking your mouse at the same point at the screen. When you touch the touchscreen, the
mouse cursor will move to that point and make a mouse click. You can tap the screen twice to perform
a double-click, and you can also drag your finger across the touchscreen to perform drag-and-drops.
The touchscreens will normally emulate left mouse clicks. Through software, you can also switch the
touchscreen to perform right mouse clicks instead.

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4-Wire Resistive Touchscreens

Introduction

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Now at: Home > Introduction > Comparing Technologies > Comparing Touch Technologies > 4-Wire Resistive

4-Wire Resistive Touchscreens
Touch pressure
causes electrical
contact between
the conductive
and resistive
layers.

f¯¯- Scratch,
resistant
coating
- Conductive
layer
- Separators

- Resistive
layer

4-Wire Resistive touch technology consists of a
glass or acrylic panel that is coated with electrically
condictive and resistive layers. The thin layers are
separated by invisible separator dots. When
operating, an electrical current moves through the
screen. When pressure is applied to the screen the
layers are pressed together, causing a change in
the electrical current and a touch event to be
registered.

-- - Glass
panel

4-Wire Resistive type touch screens are generally
the most affordable. Although clarity is less than
- CRT
with other touch screen types, resistive screens are
very durable and can be used in a variety of
environments. This type of screen is recommended for individual, home, school, or office use, or
less demanding point-of-sale systems, restaurant systems, etc.
Advantages
Disadvantages
• High touch resolution
• 75% clarity
• Pressure sensitive, works with any stylus
• Resistive layers can be damaged by a
. Not affected by dirt, dust, water, or light
sharp object
• Affordable touchscreen technology
• Less durable then 5-Wire Resistive
technology
Touchscreen Specifications
Touch Type:

4-Wire Resistive

Screen Sizes:

12"-20" Diagonal

Cable Interface:

PC Serial/COM Port or USB Port

Touch Resolution:

1024 x 1024

Response Time:

10 ms. maximum

Activation Force:
Positional Accuracy:

50-120 grams per square centimer
3mm maximum error

Light Transmission:

80% nominal

Light Transmission:

80% nominal

Scratch Resistance:

3H pencil hardness

Life Expectancy:

3 million touches at one point

Temperature:

Operating: -10°C to 70°C
Storage: -30°C to 85°C

Humidity:

Pass 40 degrees C, 95% RH for 96 hours.

Chemical Resistance:

Alcohol, acetone, grease, and general household detergent

Software Drivers:

Windows XP / 2000 / NT / ME I98 / 95, Linux, Macintosh OS

http://www.touchscreens.com/intro-touchtypes-4resistive.html

8/5/2005
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4-Wire Resistive Touchscreens

-TouchScreens com is owned and operated tiy Mass Multimedia, Inc-

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8/5/2005
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5-Wire Resistive Touchscreens

Introduction

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Now at: Home > Introduction > Comparing Technologies > Comparing Touch Technologies > 5-Wire Resistive

5-Wire Resistive Touchscreens
Touch pressure
causes electrical
contact between
the conductive
and resistive
layers.

Soratchresistant
coating
Conductive
layer
Separators
layer

5-Wire Resistive touch technology consists of a
glass or acrylic panel that is coated with electrically
condictive and resistive layers. The thin layers are
separated by invisible separator dots. When
operating, an electrical current moves through the
screen. When pressure is applied to the screen the
layers are pressed together, causing a change in
the electrical current and a touch event to be
registered.

Glass
panel

5-Wire Resistive type touch screens are generally
more durable than the similiar 4-Wire Resistive
type. Although clarity is less than with other touch
screen types, resistive screens are very durable
and can be used in a variety of environments. This type of screen is recommended for
demanding point-of-sale systems, restaurant systems, industrial controls, and other workplace
applications.
Advantages
Disadvantages
• High touch resolution
• 75 % clarity
• Pressure sensitive, works with any stylus
e Resistive layers can be damaged by a
e Not affected by dirt, dust, water, or light
sharp object
• More durable then 4-Wire Resistive
technology
CRT

Touchscreen Specifications
Touch Type:
Cable Interface:

Elo AccuTouch 5-Wire Resistive
PC Serial/COM Port or USB Port

Touch
Resolution:

4096 x 4096

Response Time: 21 ms. at 9600 baud
Light
Transmission:

80% +/-5% at 550 nm wavelength (visible light spectrum)

Expected Life:

35 million touches at one point

Temperature:

Operating: -10°C to 50°C
Storage: -40°C to 71°C

Humidity:

Operating: 90% RH at max 35°C
Storage: 90% RH at max 35°C for 240

Chemical
Resistance:

Acetone, Methylene chloride, Methyl ethyl ketone, Isopropyi alcohol, Hexane, Turpentine, Mineral spirits,
Unleaded Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Motor Oil, Transmission Fluid, Antifreeze, Ammonia based glass cleaner,
Laundry Detergents, Cleaners (Formula 409, etc.), Vinegar, Coffee, Tea, Grease, Cooking Oil, Salt

Regulations:

UL, CE, TUV, FCC-8

Software
Drivers:

Windows XP, 2000, NT, ME, 98, 95, 3.1, DOS, Macintosh OS, Linux, Unix (3rd Party)

http://www.touchscreens.com/intro-touchtypes-resistive.html

8/5/2005
APLNDC00025596

5-Wire Resistive Touchscreens

TouchScreens.com is owned and operated by Mass Multimedia, Inc

http://www.touchscreens.com/intro-touchtypes-resistive.html

Page 2 of 2

Call: 1-800-348-8610

E-mail: info@touchscreen:

8/5/2005
APLNDC00025597

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Re.

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the Office of a Foreign or International Filing
Application No. 10/840,862
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Pages Including Cover Sheet(s): 3
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APLNDC00025598

mov. 17. 2005 >:1RM

16509618301

NO. 810

RECEIVED

NOV.1 7 200Š
IN THE UNITED STATES PA TENTAND TRADEMARK OFFICE
I

In re application of: Hotelling et al,

Attomey Docket No.: AFL1P305/P3266

Application No.: 10/840,862

Examinar: Unassigned

'

Filect May 6, 2004.

Group: 2673

'

Title: MUL u.-wINT TOUCHSCREEN

Confirmation No. 8470

CERTIFICATE OFTACSTMILE TRANEMISSION
I hereby certify that.this
dance
mîtied by facsirnils to fax
number 571.273.8300
d Tr
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2005.
Signed:

Agnes gence

I

r

PE - - - -ON TO REv ava. AN APPLICATION ABA-- ma y FOR FAILURE TO

NOTTW THE OFFICE OF A FOREIGN OR INTERNATIONAL FILING
37 C.F.R. 1.137(f)

Mail Stop Petition
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L

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pursuant to 35 U.S.C. 1.22(b)(2)(B)(iii). However, subsequent to the filing of the above-

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identified application, an application was filed in another country, or under a multinational

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intemational treaty that requires publication of applications eighteen months after filing. The

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filing date of the subsequently-filed foreign or international application was April 26, 2005.

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To the extent required and not already provided, notice of the fDing ofthe foreign or
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provided.
Nevertheless, because a non-publication request was included with the above-identified
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have become abandoned pursuant to 35 I.°.S.C. 122(b)(2)(B)(iii) for failure to timely notify the
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11/18/2005 HDEMESS1 00000024 500388

01 FC:1453

10840862

1

1500.00 DA

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office of the filing of an application in a foreign country or under a multinational international
ty that requires pubEcation of applications eighteen months after filing. The date of such
abandonment would be the day after the expiration date of the forty-five (45) day period set in 35
U.S.C. 122(b)(2)(B)(iii). The entire delay in filing the required reply from the due date for the
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In view ofthe ‡·oregoing, and pursuant to 37 C.F.R. 137(f), Applicant hereby petitions for
revival of this application under 37 C.F.R. 137(b). The Commissioner is hereby authorized to
charge the required fees ($1,500.00) to cover the petition fee set forth in 37 C.F.R. 1.17(m) or
any additional fees to our Deposit Account No. 500388 (Order No. APL1P305)
Respectfully subraitted,
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[phone]

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APLNDC00025600

PTOISBl96 (11-05)
Approved for use through 07/31/2006. OMB 0651-0031
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STATEMENT UNDER 37 CFR23]b)
Applicant/Patent Owner: Steye Ngggi og
Application No./Patent No.: 10/840,8§2

Filed/Issue Date: Mav 8. 2004

Entitled: MULTIPOINT TOUCHSCREEN

(Name of Assignee)

'

(Type of Assignee, e.g., corporation, partnership, university, govemment agency, etc.)

states that it is:
1.
the assignee of the entire right, title, and interest; or
2.

an assignee of less than the entire right, title and interest
(The extent (by percentage) of its ownership interest \«

%)

in the patent application/patent identified above by virtue of either:
A

An assignment from the inventor(s) of the patent application/patent identified above. The assignment was recorded
in the United States Patent and Trademark Office at Reel 015311
, Frame 07en
or for which a copy
thereof is attached.

OR
B.0 A chain of title from the inventor(s), of the patent application/patent identified above, to the current assignee as follows:
1. From:
To:
The document was recorded in the United States Patent and Trademark Office at
Reel
Frame
, or for which a copy thereof is attached.
2. From:
To:
The document was recorded in the United States Patent and Trademark Office at
Reel
Frame
or for which a copy thereof is attached.
3. From:
To:
The document was recorded in the United States Patent and Trademark Office at
Reel
Frame
or for which a copy thereof is attached.

O Additional documents in the chain of title are listed on a supplemental sheet.
O As required by 37 CFR 3.73(b)(1)(i), the documentary evidence of the chain of title from the original owner to the
assignee was, or concurrently is being, submitted for recordation pursuant to 37 CFR 3.11.
[NOTE: A separate copy (i.e., a true copy of the original assignment document(s)) must be submitted to Assignment
Division in accordance with 37 CFR Part 3, to record the assignment in the records of the USPTO. ge: MPEP
302.08]

The undersig d

is

d below

rized to act on behalf of the assignee.

Signature
Rillv

Date

AIInn ill

Printed or Typed Name

4 O

Telephone Number

Attornev of Record

Title
This collection of information is required by 37 GFR 3.73(b). The information is required to obtain or retain a benefit by the public which is to file (and by the
USPTO to process) an application. Confidentiality is governed by 35 U.S.C. 122 and 37 CFR 1.11 and 1.14. This collection is estimated to take 12 minutes to
complete, including gathering, preparing, and submitting the completed application form to the USPTO. Time will vary depending upon the individual case. Any
comments on the amount of time you require to complete this form and/or suggestions for reducing this burden, should be sent to the Chief Information Officer,
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, U.S. Department of Commerce, P.O. Box 1450, Alexandria. VA 22313-1450. DO NOT SEND FEES OR COMPLETED

FORMS TO THIS ADDRESS. SEND TO: Commissioner for Patents, P.O. Box 1450, Alexandria, VA 22313-1450.

If you need assistance in completing the form, call 1-800-PTO-9199 and select option 2.

APLNDC00025601

\ PE

PTolSB/80 (Modified 10/06/05)

POWER OF ATTORNEY TO PROSECUTE APPLICATIONS BEFORE THE USPTO
I hereby appoint:

Practitioners associated with the Customer Number:

29855
a

i

AND

Practitioners associated with the Customer Number:

34599

OR

O Practitioner(s) named below (if more than ten patent practitioners are to be named, then a customer number must be used):
Name

Registration "
Number

Name

Registration
Number

as attorney(s) or agent(s) to represent the undersigned be ore the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in connection with
any and all patent applications assignedstily to the undersigned according to the USPTOassignment records or assignment documents
attached to this form in accordance with 37 CFR 3.73(b).
The correspondence address for the application identified in the attached statement under 37 CFR 3.73(b) is:
The address associated with Customer Number:
OR

29855

|

O Firm or
Individual Name
Address
City

State

Zip

Country

Telephone

Email

Assignee Name and Address:

Apple Computer, Inc.

1 Infinite Loop
Cupertino, CA 95014
A copyof this form, together with a statement under 37 CFR 3.73(b) (Form PTO/SBÍ96 or equivalent) is required to be
filed in each application in which this form is used. The statement under 37 CFR 3.73(b) may be completed by one of
the practitioners appointed in this form if the appointed practitioner is authorized to acton behalf of the assignee,
and must identify the appilcation in which this Power of Attorney is to be filed.
i

SIGNATURE of Assignee of Record
whose signature and title is supplied below is authorized to act on behalfofthe assignee.

Signature
Name
Title

Date

|

Ric
J. Lutton, Jr
Asjsta t Secretary and Chief Patent Counsel

Telephone

[phone]

APLNDC00025602

U-· --- STATes B TENT AND NEMAmt OFFIGE
UNITED STATIG DEPAHTMENT OF COMMERCE
United States Patent and Trademark Office

Addren: COMMISSIONER FOR PATENTS
P.O. Box 1450
Alexandria, Virginia 22313-1450

APPLICATION NUMBER

FILING OR 371 (c) DATE

FIRST NAMED APPLICANT

ATTY. DOCKET NOJTITLE

10/840,862

05/06/2004

Steve Hotelling

APLlP305/P3266

CONFIRMATION NO. 8470
29855
WONG, CASELLO, LUTSCH, RUTHERFORD & BRUCCULERI,
P.C.
20333 SH 249
SUITE 600
HOUSTON, TX 77070

IlllllllUlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllIHillllllllllllllll
*OCOOOOOOO17874736*

Date Mailed: 01/19/2006

NOTICE OF ACCEPTANCE OF POWER OF ATTORNEY
This is in response to the Power of Attorney filed 01/10/2006.

The Power of Attorney in this application is accepted. Correspondence in this application will be mailed to the
above address as provided by 37 CFR 1.33.

LYNN LAM
PTOSS [phone]

OFFICE COPY

APLNDC00025603

UNITED STATES PATENT AND M

s- OFFIGE
UNITED STATimi DEPA.......-- - U¥ COMMERCE
United States Patent and Trademark Office

Address: COMMISSIONER FOR PATENTS
PO. Box 1450
Alexen
Virginia 22313-1450

APPLICATION NUMBER

FILING OR 371 (c) DATE

FIRST NAMED APPLICANT

ATTY. DOCKET NOITITLE

10/840,862

05/06/2004

Steve Hotelling

APLl P305/P3266

CONFIRMATION NO. 8470
022434
BEYER WEAVER & THOMAS LLP

*OCOOOOOOO17874718*

P.O. BOX 70250
OAKLAND, CA 94612-0250

Date Mailed: 01/19/2006

NOTICE REGARDING CHANGE OF POWER OF ATTORNEY
This is in response to the Power of Attorney filed 01/10/2006.

• The Power of Attorney to you in this application has been revoked by the assignee who has intervened as
provided by 37 CFR 3.71. Future correspondence will be mailed to the new address of record(37 CFR 1.33).

LYNN LAM
PTOSS [phone]
OFFICE COPY

APLNDC00025604

United States Patent and Trademark Office

Address: COMMISSIONER FOR PATENTS
PO. Box 1450
Alexandria,Virginia 22313-1450
wwwxspto.gov

APPLICATION NUMBER

10/840,862

,

FILING/RECElPT DATE

FIRST NAMED APPLICANT

ATTY. DOCKET NO.

/

05/06/2004

Steve Hotelling

APL1P305/P3266
CONFIRMATION NO. 8470

29855
WONG, CABELLO, LUTSCH, RUTHERFORD & BRUCCULERI,
P.C.
20333 SH 249
SUITE 600
HOUSTON, TX 77070
Date Mailed: 01/27/2006

Communication Regarding Rescission Of Nonpublication Request and/or Notice ofForeign Filing
Applicant's rescission of the previously-filed nonpublication request and/or notice of foreign filing is

acknowledged. The paper has been reflected in the Patent and Trademark Office's (USPTO's) computer
records so that the earliest possible projected publication date can be assigned.
The projected publication date is 05/11/2006.

If applicant rescinded the nonpublication request before or on the date of "foreign filing,"' then no notice
of foreign filing is required.
If applicant foreign filed the application after filing the above application and before filing the
rescission, and the rescission did not also include a notice of foreign filing, then a notice of foreign filing
(not merely a rescission) is required to be filed within 45 days of the date of foreign filing. See 35
U.S.C. § 122(b)(2)(B)(iii), and Clarification of the United States Patent and Trademark Office's

Interpretation of the Proyisions of 35 U S.C. § 122(b)(2)(B)(ii)-(ly), 1272 Off. Gaz. Pat. Office 22 (July
1, 2003).
If a notice of foreign filing is required and is not filed within 45 days of the date of foreign filing, then
the application becomes abandoned pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 122(b)(2)(B)(iii). In this situation, applicant
should either file a petition to revive or notify the Office that the application is abandoned. See 37 CFR
l.137(f). Any such petition to revive will be forwarded to the Office of Petitions for a decision. Note
that the filing of the petition will not operate to stay any period of reply that may be running against the

application.
Questions regarding petitions to revive should be directed to the Office of Petitions at [phone].
Questions regarding publications of patent applications should be directed to the patent application
publication hotline at [phone] or by e-mail [e-mail].
' Note, for purpose of this notice, that "foreign filing" means "filing an application directed to the same invention in another
country, or under a multilateral international agreement, that requires publication of applications 18 months after filing".

APLNDC00025605

UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
Commissioner for Patents
United States Patent and Trademark Office

P. o. Box 1450
Alexandria, VA 22313-1450
www.uspto.gov

WONG CABELLO LUTSCH
R·· --RFORD & BRUCCULERI, PC

20333 SH 249

COPY MAILED

SUITE 600

HOUSTON, TX 77070

FEB 0 2 2006

0 PCE OF PETUONS
In re Application of
Steve Hotelling et al
Application No. 10/840,862
Filed: May 6, 2004
Attorney Docket No. APL1P305/P3266

: DECISION GRANTING PETITION
:
UNDER 37 CFR 1.137(b)

This is a decision on the petition, filed November 17, 2005,
which is being treated as a petition under 37 CFR 1.137(b) to
revive the instant nonprovisional application for failure to
timely notify the U.S. Patent and Trademark (USPTO) of the filing
of an application in a foreign country, or under a multinational
treaty that requires publication of applications.eighteen months
after filing.
See 37 CFR 1.137(f).

The petition is GRANTED.
Petitioner states that the instant nonprovisional application is
the subject of an application filed in an eighteen month
publication country on April 26, 2005.
However, the USPTO was
unintentionally not notified of this filing within 45 days
subsequent to the filing of the subject application in an
eighteen month publication country.

In view of the above, this application became abandoned pursuant
to 35 U.S.C.

§ 122(b)(2)(B)(iii) and 37 CFR 1.213(c)

for failure

to timely notify the Office of the filing of an application in a
foreign country or under a multilateral international agreement
that requires publication of applications 18 months after filing.
A petition to revive an application abandoned pursuant to 35
U.S.C.

122 (b)(2)(B)(iii)

for failure to notify the USPTO of a

foreign filing must be accompanied by:

(1) the required reply which is met by the
notification of such filing in a foreign country or
under a multinational treaty;
(2)

the petition fee as set forth in 37 CFR 1.17(m);

APLNDC00025606

Application No. 10/840,862

Page 2

and
(3) a statement that the entire delay in filing the
required reply from the due date of the reply until

the filing of a grantable petition was
unintentional.
The instant petition has been found to be in compliance with 37
CFR 1.137(b). Accordingly, the failure to timely notify the
USPTO of a foreign or international filing within 45 days after
the date of filing of such foreign or international application
as provided by 35 U.S.C.

§ 122(b)(2)(B)(iii) and 37 CFR 1.213(C)

is accepted as having been unintentionally delayed.
The previous Request and certification under 35 U.S.C. §
122 (b)(.2)(B)(i) has been rescinded. A Notice Regarding
Rescission of Nonpublication Request which sets forth the
projected publication date of May 11, 2006 was mailed under
separate cover on January 27, 2006.

The address on the petition differs from the address of record.
Therefore, if appropriate, a change of address and/or appropriate
power of attorney documentation should be submitted. A courtesy
copy of this decision (as well as a copy of the Notice mailed
January 27, 2006) is being mailed to the address on the petition.
However, all future correspondence will continue to be mailed to
the above address of record, unless otherwise appropriately
notified.
Any inquiries concerning this decision may be directed to the
undersigned at [phone].

This application is being forwarded to Technology Center Art Unit
2674 for examination in due course.

Petitions Examiner
Office of Petitions
ATTACHMENT TO CC:

Copy of Notice mailed 1/27/06

cc:

Beyer Weaver & Thomas LLP
PO Box 70250
Oakland, CA 94612-0250

APLNDC00025607

.
02/06/2006

.

BEST AVAl .ABLE COPY

16:19

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WONG CABELLO

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Wong, Cabello, Lutsch, Rutherford & Brucculeri, LLP

Fax: [phone]
wcpatent©counselip.com

Main: 832-446-2400

FACSIMILE TRANSMISSION COVER SHEET
Date: Monday, February 06, 2006
To USPTO - Examiner: Edouard Patrick Nestor Art Unit: 2673
Fax:

571/273-8300

From:

Billy C. Allen III

Atty. Docket #: 1 19-0093US

Re:

Customer No: 29855
Serial No.: 10/840,862

Please see the attached
Pages (including cover page): 2

Received in the United States Patent and Trademark Office
1.

Change of Correspondence Address (1 page).

If there is a problem with transrnission, please call [phone]

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APLNDC00025608