Rockstar Consortium US LP et al v. Google Inc

Filing 158

CLAIM CONSTRUCTION BRIEF filed by NetStar Technologies LLC, Rockstar Consortium US LP. (Attachments: # 1 Appendix A, # 2 Exhibit 1 - 969 patent, # 3 Exhibit 2 - 245 patent, # 4 Exhibit 3 - 970 patent, # 5 Exhibit 4 - 178 patent, # 6 Exhibit 5 - 183 patent, # 7 Exhibit 6 - 883 patent, # 8 Exhibit 7 - Barron's 5th ed. - client and server, # 9 Exhibit 8 - Webster's 8th ed. - client, # 10 Exhibit 9 - Newton's Telecom - client and server, # 11 Exhibit 10 - Webster's College 1999 - interface, # 12 Exhibit 11 - Federal Standard 1037C - link, # 13 Exhibit 12 - NTC Am English Learners - correlate and match, # 14 Exhibit 13 - Webster's College 1999 - database, # 15 Exhibit 14 - Newton's Telecom - database, # 16 Exhibit 15 - Modern Dictionary of Electronics - database, # 17 Exhibit 16 Dictionary of Computer and Internet Terms - database, # 18 Exhibit 17 Webster's Third Intl - refine, # 19 Exhibit 18 Webster's College 1999 - refine, # 20 Exhibit 19 - IBM Dictionary - sort, # 21 Exhibit 20 - Roget's Thesaurus - change and update)(Tribble, Max)

Exhibit 9

NEWTON's
TELECOM
DICTIONARY
The Official Dictionary of
Telecommunications & the Internet

16th Updated, Expanded and Much
Improved Edition

NEWTON'S TELECOM DICTIONARY
copyright © 2000 Harry Newton
Email: Harry [e-mail]
Personal web site: www.HarryNewton.com
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright conventions,
including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever.
Published by Telecom Books
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Sixteenth Edition, Expanded and Updated, February 2000
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NEWTON'S TELECOM DICTIONARY
Client Clients are devices and software that request information. Clients are objects that use the resources of another
object. A client is a fancy name for a PC on a local area network. It used to be called a workstation. Now it is the "client"
of the server. See also Client Server, Client Server Model, Fat
Client, Mainframe Server, Media Server and Thin Client.
Client Access Protocol CAR See iCalendar.
Client Application Any computer program making use of
the processing resources of another program.
Client Operating System Operating System running
on the client platform. See Client.
Client Pull See Meta Tag.
Client Server A computer on a local area network that you
can request information or applications from. The idea is that
you — the user — are the client and it — the slave — is the
server. That was the original meaning of the term. Over time,
client server began to refer to a computing system that splits
the workload between desktop PCs (called "workstations")
and one or more larger computers (called "servers") joined on
a local area network (LAN). The splitting of tasks allows the
use of desktop graphic user interfaces, like Microsoft's
Windows or Apple Macintosh's operating system, which are
easier to use (for most people) than the host/terminal world of
mainframe computing, which placed a "dumb terminal" on a
user's desk. That dumb terminal could only send and receive
simple text-based material. And the less it sent, the faster it
worked (lines were slow), so some of the "human interfaces"
were very cryptic. You often were forced to spend weeks at
school learning simple mainframe programs.
A good analogy of client-server computing, according to
Peter Lewis of the New York Times is to think of client server
as a restaurant where the waiter takes your order for a hamburger, goes to the kitchen and comes back with some raw
meat and a bun. You get to cook the burger at your table and
add your favorite condiments. In computerese, this is
client/server, distributed computing, where some processing
work is done by the customer at his or her table, instead of
entirely in the kitchen (centralized computing in the old mainframe days). It sounds like more work, but it has many advantages. The service is faster. The food is cooked exactly to your
liking, and the giant, expensive stove in the kitchen can be
replaced by lots of cheap little grills. See Client Server Model,
Downsizing, Reengineering and Server.
Client Server Computer Telephony Client server
computer telephony delivers ten benefits:
1.Synchronized data screen and phone call pop. Your phone
rings. The call comes with the calling number attached (via
Caller ID or ANI). Your PBX or ACD passes that number (via
Telephony Services) to your server, which does a quick database look up to see if it can find a name and database entry.
Bingo, it finds an entry. It passes the call and the database
entry simultaneously to whoever is going to answer the
phone: The attendant. The boss. The sales agent. The customer service desk. The help desk. All this saves asking a lot
of questions. Makes customers happier.
2. Integrated messaging. Also called Unified Messaging.
Voice, fax, electronic mail: image and video. All on the one
screen. Here's the scenario. You arrive in the morning. Turn on
your PC. Your PC logs onto your LAN and its various servers.
In seconds, it gives you a screen listing all your messages —
voice mail, electronic mail, fax mail, reports, compound documents .... Anything and everything that came in for you. Each
is one line. Each line tells you whom it's from. What it is. How
big it is. How urgent. Skip down. Click. Your PC loads up the

application. Your LAN hunts down the message. Bingo, it's on
screen. If it contains voice — maybe it's a voice mail or compound document with voice in it — it rings your phone (or
your headset) and plays the voice to you. Or, if you have a
sound card in your PC, it can play the voice through your own
PC. If it's an image, it will hunt down (also called launch)
imaging software which can open the image you have
received, letting you see it. Ditto, if it's a video message.
Messages are deluging us. To stop them is to stop progress.
But to run your eye down the list, one line per entry. Pick the
key ones. Junk the junk ones. Postpone the others. That's
what integrated messaging is all about. Putting some order
back into your life.
3. Database transactions. Customer look ups. There are bank
account balances, ticket buys, airline reservations, catalog
requests, movie times, etc. Doing business over the phone is
exploding. Today, the caller inputs his request by touchtone
or by recognized speech. The system responds with speech
and/or fax. Today's systems are limited in size and flexibility.
The voice processing application and the database typically
share the same processor, often a PC. Split them. Spread the
processing and database access burden. Join them on a LAN
(for the data) and on new, broader voice processing "LANs,"
like SCSA or MVIP. You've suddenly got a computer telephony system that knows no growth constraints. You could also
get the system to front-end an operator or an agent. Once the
caller has punched in all his information, then the call and the
screen can be simultaneously passed to the agent.
4.Telephony work groups. Sales groups. Collections groups.
Help desks. R&D. We work in groups. But traditional telephony doesn't. Telephony today is BIG. Telephony today is one
giant phone system for the building, for the campus. Everyone
shares the same automated attendant, the same voice mail,
the same ubiquitous, universal, generic telephone features.
But they shouldn't. The sellers need phones that grab the
caller's phone number, do a look-up on what the customer
bought last and quickly route the call to the appropriate (or
available) salesperson. The one who sold the customer last
time. The company's help desk needs a front end voice
response system that asks for the customer's serial number,
some indication of the problem and tries to solve the problem
by instantly sending a fax or encouraging the caller to punch
his way to one of many canned solutions. "The 10 biggest
problems our customers have." When all else fails, the caller
can be transferred to a live human, expert at diagnosing and
solving his pressing problem. A development group might
need e-mails and faxes of meeting agendas sent, meeting
reminder notices phoned and scheduled video conferences
set up. All automatically. The accounts receivable department
needs a predictive dialer to dial all our deadbeats. The telemarketing department also needs a predictive dialer, but different programming.
5. Desktop telephony. There are two important aspects. Call
control and media processing services. Call control (also
called call processing) is a fancy name for using your PC to
get to all your phone system's features — especially those
you have difficulty getting to with the forgettable commands
phone makers foist on us. *39 to transfer? Or it is *79. With
attractive PC screens, you point and click to easy conferencing, transferring, listening to voice mail messages, forwarding, etc. There are enormous personal productivity benefits to
running your office phone from your PC: You can dial by
name, not by a number you can't remember. You can set up
conference calls by clicking on names and have your PC call

185

NEWTON'S TELECOM DICTIONARY
Parity is a method of checking for errors in transmitted data.
You can set parity to odd or even, or not use parity at all.
When the character length is set to 8, parity checking cannot
be done because there are no "spare" bits in the byte. When
the character length is 7, the eighth bit in each byte is set to 0
or 1 so that the sum of bits (Os and 1s) in the byte is odd or
even (according to the parity setting). When each character is
received, its parity is checked again. If it is incorrect (because
a bit was changed during transmission), the communications
software determines that a transmission error has occurred
and can request that the data be retransmitted.
Stop bit is a special signal that indicates the end of that character. Today's modems are fast enough that the stop bit is
always set to one Slower modems used to require two stop bits.
XON/XOFF is one of many methods used to prevent the sending system from transmitting data faster than the receiving
system can accept the information. See also EIA/TIA-232-E,
RS-232-C and serial data transmission.
Serial Data Transmission Serial data transmission is the
most common method of sending data from one DTE to another. Data is sent out in a stream, one bit at a time over one channel. When a computer is instructed to send data to another DTE,
the data within the computer must pass through a serial interface to exit as serial data. Then it passes through ports, cables,
and connectors that link the various devices. The boundaries
(physical, functional, and electrical) shared by these devices
are called interfaces. See serial communications.
Serial Digital Digital information that is transmitted in
serial form. Often used informally to refer to serial digital television signals.
Serial Interface The "lowest common denominator" of
data communications. A mechanism for changing the parallel
arrangement of data within computers to the serial (one bit
after the other) form used on data transmission lines and vice
versa. At least one serial interface is usually provided on all
computers for the connection of a terminal, a modem or a
printer. Sometimes also called a serial port. See EINTIA-232E, RS-232-C, Serial Interface Card and the Appendix.
Serial Interface Card A printed circuit card which drops
into one of the expansion slots of your cOmputer and changes
the parallel internal communications of your computer into
the one-bit-at-time serial transmission for sending information to your modem or to a serial printer.
Serial Memory Memory medium to which access is in a
set sequence and not at random.
Serial Port An input/output port (plug) that transmits data
out one bit at a time, as opposed to the parallel port which
transmits data out eight bits, or one byte at a time. Most personal computers (PCs) have at least one serial and one parallel port. In a typical configuration, the serial port is used for
a modem while the parallel port is used for a printer. For a diagram of a typical 25-pin RS-232-C serial port, see the
Appendix at the back of this book.
Serial Processing Method of data processing in which
only one bit is handled at a time.
Serial Transmission Sending pulses one after another
rather than several at the same time (parallel). When transmitting data over a telephone line there is only one set of
wires. Therefore, the only logical way to transmit it is to send
the data in serial mode. It is possible to use eight different frequencies to transmit a character all at once (parallel), but
these modems are ridiculously expensive. See Parallel,
Parallel Port and Serial Port.
Serialize To change from parallel-by-byte to serial-by-bit.

Series A connection of electrical apparatus or circuits in
which all of the current passes through each of the devices in
succession or on after another. See also Parallel.
Series 11000 An AT&T private line long distance tariff
created in the 1970s and designed expressly to reduce MCI's
chances of selling any private lines and thus of surviving. It
was thrown out by the FCC and the tariff figured in MCI's and
the Federal Government's antitrust against AT&T.
Series Circuits In a series circuit, the electric current has
only one path to follow. All of the electric current flows through
all the components of the circuit. To calculate the resistance of
a series circuit add up the resistance of each of the components in the circuit. In contrast, see parallel circuits.
Series Connection A connection of electrical apparatus or
circuits in which all of the current passes through each of the
devices in succession or on after another. See also Parallel.
Series RF Tap A bugging device. It is a radio transmitter
which is installed in series with one wire of the telephone circuit. Normally a parasite (i.e. takes power from the phone
line). Transmits both sides of the conversation. It transmits
only when the phone is off-hook. See also Series.
Server 1. Hardware definition of server: A server is a shared
computer on the local area network that can be as simple as a
regular PC set aside to handle print requests to a single printer. Or, more usually, it is the fastest and brawniest PC around.
It may be used as a repository and distributor of oodles of data.
It may also be the gatekeeper controlling access to voice mail,
electronic-mail, facsimile services. At one stage, a local area
network had only one server. These days networks have multiple servers. Servers these days have multiple brains, large
arrays of big disk drives (often in redundant arrays) and other
powerful features. New powerful servers are called superservers. A $35,000 superserver today can match the performance of a $2 million mainframe of ten years ago. Then again,
according to Peter Lewis of the New York Times, the lowliest
client today has more computing power than was available to
the entire Allied Army in World War II. See Downsizing for
some of the benefits of running servers as against mainframes.
2. Software definition of server: A server is a program which
provides some service to other (client) programs. The connection between a client program and the server program is
traditionally by message passing, often over a local area or
wide area network, and uses some protocol to encode the
client's requests and the server's responses.
Server API A SCSA term. A communications protocol that
allows a call processing application running on one computer to control SCSA hardware residing in another computer.
Server Application A Windows NT application that can
create objects for linking or embedding into other documents.
Server Colocation An ISP/web hoster service in which a
client places their server on the Internet at an ISP's office for
a monthly fee. In return, the server is, theoretically, always
connected via multiple redundant high speed connections to
the Internet. See also Web Hosting.
Server Farm Imagine a room stuffed with PCs, ranged in
racks along walls, ranged in racks in lines like a library's back
room. The PCs are really servers — powerful PCs containing
databases and other information they are dispensing to the
thousands of PCs dialing into them from afar. A server farm
may be owned by one company and used by one company, or
it may be owned by one company and each of the machines
leased to other companies. I first heard the term when MCI
described a room it had in a place called Pentagon City. There
it had hundreds of servers each of which it leased to other

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