Rockstar Consortium US LP et al v. Google Inc

Filing 93

Additional Attachments to Main Document: 92 MOTION for Leave to File A Supplemental Brief In Response To Googles Motion To Transfer In Light Of Newly-Acquired Evidence.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 31, # 2 Exhibit 32, # 3 Exhibit 33, # 4 Exhibit 34, # 5 Exhibit 35, # 6 Exhibit 36, # 7 Exhibit 37, # 8 Exhibit 38, # 9 Exhibit 39, # 10 Exhibit 40, # 11 Exhibit 41, # 12 Exhibit 42, # 13 Exhibit 43, # 14 Exhibit 44, # 15 Exhibit 45, # 16 Exhibit 46, # 17 Exhibit 47, # 18 Exhibit 48, # 19 Exhibit 49, # 20 Exhibit 50, # 21 Exhibit 51, # 22 Exhibit 52, # 23 Exhibit 53, # 24 Exhibit 54, # 25 Exhibit 55, # 26 Exhibit 56, # 27 Exhibit 57, # 28 Exhibit 58, # 29 Exhibit 59, # 30 Exhibit 60, # 31 Exhibit 61, # 32 Exhibit 62, # 33 Exhibit 63, # 34 Exhibit 64, # 35 Exhibit 65, # 36 Exhibit 66)(Bonn, Amanda)

Exhibit 37

In[ormation processing & Management Vol. 15, pp. 247-259
Pergamon Press Ltd., 1979. Printed in Great Brilain

FUZZY SET THEORETICAL APPROACH TO DOCUMENT
RETRIEVALS"
TADEUSZ RADECKI
Wroc,l’aw Technical University, Main Library and Scientific Information Centre, Wybrze±e St.
Wyspiafiskiego 27, 50-370 Wroc,l’aw, Poland
(Received 7 May 1979)

Abstract--The aim of a document retrieval system is to issue documents which contain the
information needed by a given user of an information system. The process of retrieving
documents in response to a given query is carried out by means of the search patterns of these
documents and the query. It is thus clear that the quality of this process, i.e. the pertinence of
the information system response to the information need of a given user depends on the
degree of accuracy in which document and query contents are represented by their search
patterns. It seems obvious that the weighting of descriptors entering document search patterns
improves the quality of the document retrieval process.
A mathematical apparatus which takes into consideration, in a natural manner, the fact
that the grades of importance of the descriptors in dbcument search patterns are of the
continuum type, that is an apparatus adequate to the description of a retrieval system of
documents indexed by weighted descriptors is--among known mathematical methods--the
theory of fuzzy sets, formulated by L. A. Zadeh.
It is the aim of this paper to present a new method of document retrieval based on the
fundamental operations of the fuzzy set theory. We start by introducing basic notions, then
the syntax and semantics of the proposed language for document retrieval will be given and an
algorithm allocating documents to particular queries will be described and its properties
discussed.
The basic advantage of the use of the fuzzy set theory for document retrieval system
description is that it takes into consideration, in a simple way, the differentiation of the
importance of descriptors in document search patterns and the differentiation of the formal
relevance grades of particular documents of an information system to a given query.
Documents of the highest grades (in the given information system) of formal relevance to the
given query may be retrieved by means of the application of simple operations of the fuzzy
set theory.

1. INTRODUCTION

The aim of a document retrieval system is the issue of documents which contain information
required by a given user of the system. The process of document retrieval is such that in
response to a given query those documents are issued whose search patterns correspond best to
the query search pattern, according to a given criterion. Most usually document search patterns
are sets of index-terms representing the ideas contained in the subject-matter of the documents,
or sets of index-terms with numerical weights assigned to the terms according to their
importance. Sometimes the search patterns of queries are created in a similar way but more
usually they are constructed by using the Boolean operators AND, OR and NOT to connect the
index-terms of queries. Often while creating the search patterns of documents and queries one
uses a thesaurus which is a set of terms on which specific kinds of relations are defined, e.g. the
relation of synonymity, the relation of hierarchy, the relation of affinity. It is intuitively obvious
that the weights assigned to index-terms and the use of a thesaurus during the creation of
search patterns of documents and queries improve this process as well as the effectiveness of
the document retrieval process. This has also been confirmed experimentally (see e.g. [l]).
tA preliminary version of this paper was presented at the Sixth Cranfield International Conference on Mechanised
Information Storage and Retrieval Systems (26-29 July 1977).
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