Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. et al

Filing 661

EXHIBITS re #660 Administrative Motion to File Under Seal Apple Inc.'s Notice of Motion and Motion for Partial Summary Judgment Exhibits to Mueller Declaration ISO Apple's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment [660-9] filed byApple Inc.(a California corporation). (Attachments: #1 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 2, #2 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 3, #3 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 4, #4 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 5, #5 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 6, #6 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 7, #7 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 8, #8 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 9, #9 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 10, #10 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 11, #11 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 12, #12 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 13, #13 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 14, #14 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 15, #15 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 16, #16 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 17, #17 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 18, #18 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 19, #19 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 20, #20 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 21, #21 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 22, #22 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 23, #23 Exhibit Mueller Decl Exhibit 24)(Related document(s) #660 ) (Selwyn, Mark) (Filed on 1/25/2012)

Mueller Exhibit 21

US006928604B2

(12) United States Patent
Park et al.
(54) TURBO ENCODING/DECODING DEVICE
AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING FRAME
DATA ACCORDING TO QOS
(75) Inventors: Chang-Soo Park, Seoul (KR);
Joong-Ho Jeong, Seoul (KR);
Hyeon-Woo Lee, Suwon-shi (KR)

(73) Assignee: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (KR)

(*

Notice:

Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
patent is extended or adjusted under 35
U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days.

(21) Appl. No.: 10/393,784
(22) Filed:
(65)

Mar. 21, 2003
Prior Publication Data

US 2003/0188249 A1 Oct. 2, 2003

Related U.S. Application Data
(63)
(30)

Continuation of application No. 09/282,851, filed on Mar.
31, 1999.
Foreign Application Priority Data

Mar. 31, 1998 (KR) ........................................ 1998-11380
(51) Int. Cl.7 ............................................... H03M 13/03

(10) Patent No.:
US 6,928,604 B2
Aug. 9, 2005
(45) Date of Patent:
(52) U.S. CI ........................
714/788; 714/762; 370/470;
370/472; 341/51; 341/94; 341/95
(58) Field of Search .................................
714/794-796,
714/752-758, 788, 790, 792, 701,712,
774, 786; 370/333, 349, 337, 394, 473,
368, 347, 252, 441, 342, 316, 468, 331,
442, 470, 472, 476; 455/436, 442; 341/50,
51, 94-95, 143; 382/239, 251; 375/341
(56)

References Cited
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
5,212,684 A *
5,307,351 A *

5/1993 MacNamee et al .........
4/1994 Webster ......................

370/280
370/470

¯ cited by examiner
Primary Examiner~3uy J. Lamarre
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm~ilworth & Barrese LLP
(57)
ABSTRACT
Disclosed is a turbo channel encoding and decoding device
for a CDMA communication system. When the input data
frames are very short, the device assembles input frames into
one super frame of an appropriate length and then encodes
and decodes the super frame. After frame encoding and
decoding, the frames are reassembled into the original input
frames.
33 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets

APLNDC-WH-A 0000016618

U.S. Patent

Aug. 9,

2005

Sheet 1 of 6

US 6,928,604 B2

Xk

dk

16 -I IN TERLEAVER ]

G2

G1
~-1

FIG. 1

APLNDC-WH-A 0000016619

U.S. Patent

Aug. 9, 2005

Sheet 2 of 6

US 6,928,604 B2

+

APLNDC-WH-A 0000016620

U.S. Patent

Aug. 9, 2005

Sheet 3 of 6

US 6,928,604 B2

APLNDC-WH-A 0000016621

U.S. Patent

Aug. 9, 2005 Sheet 4 of 6

US 6,928,604 B2

lores

Turbo Encoding

Chonnel Interleovin9
.. II ....

I IJ II

FIG. 4
APLNDC-WH-A 0000016622

U.S. Patent

Aug. 9, 2005

Sheet 5 of 6

US 6,928,604 B2

toms

Subfrome

Subframe

~2

Subfrome

#1

!I

Turbo

Encoding #1

Turbo

Encoding #1

I

Channel Interleaving

to Channel

FIG. 5

APLNDC-WH-A 0000016623

US 6,928,604 B2

1

2

vary from several ms (milliseconds) to several hundred ms.
TURBO ENCODING/DECODING DEVICE
For example, in the case where the data is transmitted at a
AND METHOD FOR PROCESSING FRAME
data rate of over 32 Kbps, the number of data input to the
DATA ACCORDING TO QOS
turbo encoder is larger due to the high data rate, the turbo
PRIORITY
decoder requires more memory and calculations to decode
the received data. The turbo encoder exhibits properties
This application is a continuation of copending U.S.
where an error correction performance is enhanced as the
patent application Ser. No. 09/282,851, filed Mar. 31, 1999,
frame length of the input data becomes longer, however an
which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 from an appliincrease in the memory and calculations is required in a
cation entitled "TURBO CHANNEL ENCODING/
10 decoder.
DECODING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PROCESSIn addition, if the length of the input frame is too short,
ING FRAME ACCORDING TO QoS" filed in the Korean
e.g., less than 8 kbps/10 ms, the interleaver 16 in the turbo
Intellectual Property Office on Mar. 31, 1998, and assigned
encoder cannot sufficiently decrease the correlation among
Serial No. 98-11380, the contents of each of which are
the input data, thereby deteriorating the error correction
incorporated herein by reference.
15 performance. That is, when the frame length of the input
data is longer (or the input data rate is high), the turbo
BACKGROUND OF THEINVENTION
encoder structured as shown in FIG. 1 and the turbo decoder
1. Field of the Invention
structured as shown in FIG. 2 require a lot of calculations
The present invention relates generally to a device and
and memory to perform encoding and decoding. Otherwise,
method for encoding and decoding channel data in a mobile 20 when the frame length of the input data is shorter, the turbo
communication system, and in particular, to a device and
encoder may exhibit lower performance results, as commethod for encoding and decoding channel data using a
pared with a convolutional encoder or a concatenated
turbo code.
encoder, thereby increasing the BER.
2. Description of the Related Art
Accordingly, it is possible to decrease the required calAn encoder using a turbo code (hereinafter referred to as 25 culations and memory capacity required for decoding by
a turbo encoder) encodes an N-bit input frame into parity
appropriately varying the processing size of the data input to
symbols using two simple parallel concatenated codes,
the turbo encoder, independent of the data rate for the
wherein an RSC (Recursive Systematic Convolutional) code
corresponding service, while fully securing the low BER
is generally used as a component code.
required in the communication system.
FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate structures of conventional parallel 3o
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
turbo encoder and decoder, which are disclosed in U.S. Pat.
According to the present invention, as embodied and
No. 5,446,747 by Berrou, incorporated herein by reference.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a broadly described herein, a channel encoding and decoding
conventional turbo encoder. The turbo encoder of FIG. 1 35 apparatus is provided including a first constituent encoder
for encoding data bits of a super frame or plurality of sub
includes a first constituent encoder 12, a second constituent
frames, an interleaver for interleaving the data bits of the
encoder 14 and an interleaver 16 interconnected there
super frame or sub frames, and a second constituent encoder
between. For the first and second constituent encoders 12
and 14, an RSC encoder can be used, which is well known for encoding the interleaved data bits of the super frame or
in the art. The interleaver 16 has the same size as a frame 4O sub frames. The second constituent encoder is coupled to the
output of the interleaver.
length of the input data (i.e., N bits), and decreases the
The channel encoding/decoding apparatus can be used as
correlation of the input data bitstream d~, provided to the
second constituent encoder 14. Therefore, the parallel conpart of a base station or mobile station. The novel turbo
encoder would be included as part of a channel transmitter
catenated codes for the input data bitstream, d~, become x~,
(i.e., d~, without modification) and Yak, and Y2~, the outputs of 45in accordance with an exemplary embodiment. The turbo
the first 12 and second 14 constituent encoders.
encoder makes a determination as to whether to segment one
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a input frame into several sub frames or continue several input
frames into one super frame.
conventional turbo decoder. The turbo decoder includes an
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to
adder 18, subtracters 20 and 22, a soft decision circuit 24,
delays 26, 28 and 30, and MAP (Maximum A Posterior 50provide a channel encoding device and method for variably
encoding input data frames to sub or super frames of
Probability) decoders 32 and 34. The turbo decoder further
includes an interleaver 36 which is identical to the inter- appropriate length according to a QoS (quality of service) of
leaver 16 of FIG. 1, and deinterleavers 38 and 40. The turbo data to transmit.
decoder repeatedly decodes data received by the frame unit
It is another object of the present invention to provide a
using a MAP decoding algorithm, thereby decreasing a bit 55 channel decoding device and method for decoding encoded
error rate (BER).
frame data whose frame length is appropriately varied
The utilization of interleaver 16 of the turbo encoder of according to the QoS (quality of service) of data to transmit.
FIG. 1 implies that encoding and decoding should be perIt is still another object of the present invention to provide
formed as a frame unit. Accordingly, it can be appreciated
a turbo channel encoding and decoding device and method
that the required memory and calculations required for the 6o for disassembling a long input frame or high data rate into
MAP decoders 32 and 34, shown in FIG. 2 are proportional multiple sub frames to be encoded, and for separately
to a value obtained by multiplying the frame size by a
decoding the divided encoded sub frames and then reassemnumber of states of the first and second constituent encoders
bling the decoded sub frames into the original frame length.
12 and 14 of FIG. 1.
It is further still another object of the present invention to
In a mobile communication system, voice and data are 65 provide a turbo channel encoding and decoding device and
transmitted at a data rate of several Kbps to several Mbps,
method for assembling short input frames or low data rate
and a frame length of data input to a channel encoder may
into a super frame having an appropriate length to encode

APLNDC-WH-A 0000016624

US 6,928,604 B2

3

4

the assembled super frame, decoding the assembled encoded
during the corresponding service. In a CDMA mobile communication system in particular, since the output power of a
super frame and then reassembling the decoded super frame
base station or a mobile station is limited, it is inadequate to
into the original frames.
increase a transmission power of only a certain user for a
It is further still another object of the present invention to
provide a turbo channel encoding and decoding device and 5 high quality service. This is because when the transmission
power of the specific user is increased, interference to other
method for determining an optimal length of the sub/super
users will increase in proportion to the increased transmisframes by analyzing a quality of service (QoS) such as frame
for a method
length, time delay tolerance, error tolerance, receiver com- sion power. Therefore, there is a demand services with
capable of providing various multimedia
plexity (especially receiver memory), a data rate correspon- reduced interference to the other users by minimizing an
dence to a service type of input frame data to be transmitted, s0 increase in the transmission power.
and disassembling or assembling an input data frame into
In another example, a short packet data transmission
sub or super frames according to the determination.
service requires a low data rate and a very low error rate.
However, if the time delay is out of the question, it is
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
reasonable to decrease the error rate even though the time
The above and other objects, features and advantages of 25 delay is somewhat increased.
the present invention will become more apparent from the
In the meantime, the turbo encoder for forward error
correction, exhibits properties where shows a property that
following detailed description when taken in conjunction
the bit error rate (BER) or the frame error rate (FER) are
with the accompanying drawings in which like reference
varied according to the data size of frame (i.e., the number
numerals indicate like parts. In the drawings:
2o
to be
FIG. 1 is a a block diagram of a conventional turbo of data bitsof the processed in a prescribed time) determined
by length
input data frame and data rate. The turbo
encoder;
encoder consists of constituent encoders having a short
FIG. 2 is a a block diagram of a conventional turbo constraint length, however, the error correction capability is
decoder;
improved as the correlation between the data input to the
respective constituent encoders is decreased, due to the
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a block diagram of a 25
existence of the interleaver in the turbo encoder. The corchannel transmitter including a turbo encoder according to
relation between the data input to the respective constituent
an embodiment of the present invention;
becomes lower,
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a method for assembling encoders encoder becomesas the data size of frame input to
the turbo
greater. Therefore, an increase in
and turbo encoding input frames according to an embodi3o the frame length of the input data improves the error
ment of the present invention;
correction capability. However, an increase in length of the
FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a method for disassem- input frame causes an increase in the time delay at the
bling an input frame and turbo encoding the disassembled
encoder and the decoder.
frames according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 illustrates a configuration of a channel transmitter
and
turbo encoder
35 including a invention. The according to an embodiment of
turbo encoder shown in FIG. 3
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a block diagram of a the present
disassembles segments one input frame into several sub
channel receiver including a turbo decoder according to an
frames or combines or concatenates several input frames
embodiment of the present invention.
into one super frame by counting bits of the input user data
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
in accordance with provided message information, and
4o thereafter encodes the segmented or combined frames with
PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
a turbo code to transmit the encoded frames via a transmisA preferred embodiment of the present invention will be
sion channel. The term "message information" as used
described herein below with reference to the accompanying
herein refers to information about the QoS, i.e., service type,
drawings. In the following description, well known funcrate of data such as voice, character, image and moving
tions or constructions are not described in detail since they 45 picture data, size of the input data frame, permissible delay,
would obscure the invention in unnecessary detail.
and permissible error. The message information is
Communication systems of the future will have capabili- exchanged between a base station and a mobile station
ties for providing a plurality of services with varying QoS
during a call setup and the exchange of the message infor(Quality of Service) characteristics, and QoS parameters mation is continued until termination of the corresponding
including a time delay, BER, and frame error rate (FER). service. Further, predetermined information between the
50
Services may be generally divided into high error rate
base station and the mobile station, determined during the
services and low error rate services. Those services which
call setup, can also be varied during the corresponding
can be provided with a high error rate include: voice service
service by data exchanging. That is, the message informawhich requires a relatively short time delay, and a short
tion including information representing the size of the frame
message service (SMS) which permits a long time delay. On 55 to be processed in the turbo encoder can be reset according
the other hand, services requiring a low error rate include: a
to a rate of the data to be serviced. For example, when 10 ms
video conference service requiring a short time delay, and a
frame data is serviced at a data rate of 2048 Kbps, one data
still image or Internet file transfer service allowing a rela- frame consists of 20480 bits. In this case, the turbo encoder
tively longer time delay. Further, the same service may have
according to the present invention segments the 10 ms frame
different time delays and data rates.
6o into 4 sub frames, turbo encodes the four 5120 bit sub
For example, in the image service for transmitting and frames, and then recombines four encoded sub frames into
receiving moving picture information, a data rate is 32-2048 a 10 ms frame for channel interleaving. The turbo decoder
Kbps and a permissible time delay is in the range of 10400 then decodes the four encoded sub frames and reassembles
them into one 20480-bit 10 ms frame.
ms. The data rate and the permissible time delay can be,
however, varied according to a number of criteria including: 65 FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a channel transmitter
a class of the user or terminal using the service, a class of the
including a turbo encoder according to an embodiment of
base station providing the service or a channel condition
the present invention.

APLNDC-WH-A 0000016625

US 6,928,604 B2
As shown in FIG. 3, user data (UD) is received by a transmission delay from several tens of ms to several
source data encoder 42. The user data UD has a data rate of
hundreds of ms and requires a BER of 10-6-10-7. The
over several tens of Kbps, such as character, image and
performance of the turbo encoder is enhanced as the frame
moving picture data, as distinguished from voice data havlength of the input data is increased. However, additional
ing a much lower data rate on the order of several Kbps. The 5 calculations and memory is required in the turbo decoder.
source data encoder 42 encodes the received user data UD
There is a trade-off between performance and decoder
as a fixed length frame whose length is determined in complexity. In the case of the packet data service, for
accordance with the service type and then provides the
example, it is possible to satisfy both the required BER and
encoded fixed length frame data to an input of a bit counter
moderate decoder complexity by enabling the CPU 46 to
50. For example, the source data encoder 42 typically s0 generate a sub/super frame control signal for segmenting/
encodes voice data with a 10 ms frame format, character combining the output data from the source data encoder 42,
data with a 20 ms frame format, image data with an 80 ms
frame format, and moving picture data with a 40 ms frame of M-bit length, into sub frames or super frames of N-bit
length.
format, and provides the respective encoded data into the bit
That is, the frame segment/combine information storage
counter 50. A central processing unit (CPU) 46 transfers
information about the QoS, i.e., service type of the user data 25 unit 48 stores frame segmentation or combination informato be transmitted (e.g., voice, character, image or moving
tion for increasing the length N of the sub frame or super
picture) and the data rate to a message information receiver
frame for a service requiring the low BER and for decreasing
108 of FIG. 6 via a message information transmitter 44. The the length N of the sub frame or super frame for a service
channel transmission device of FIG. 3 can be equally applied
requiring a short time delay and a high BER. The CPU 46
to both the base station and the mobile station.
2o reads the frame segment/combine information from the
Although the present invention is described with referframe segment/combine information storage 48 according to
ence to an embodiment which transmits the message inforthe service type and the frame length of the input data.
mation to the decoder using a separate transmitter, it is also
Segmenting or combining the frames input to the turbo
possible to transmit the data size information by loading it
encoder can be more readily appreciated from the following
in a head area of a transmission frame during data trans- 25 example. Assume a frame size of the data input to the turbo
mission.
Referring to FIG. 3, the CPU 46 reads, from a frame encoder is 20480 bits/10 ms, for a low BER service having
segment/combine information storage unit 48, QoS infor- a data rate 2048 Kbps. In the mobile station providing the
above service, the turbo decoder requires a memory capacity
mation including information about service type of data to
which is proportional to 20480
multiplied by number
be transmitted, corresponding data rate, permissible delay, 3o soft decision bits. An increase in bits memory capacity of theof
the
permissible error rate (BER or FER) and frame length, and
mobile station causes an increase in complexity and cost of
information about service class of the base station or the
mobile station. Next, the CPU 46 makes a determination to the mobile station.
However, in the service having a data rate of 2048
segment the received frame and therefore must also determine the size and number of the segmented frames, using the 35 Kbps/10 ms, if the channel encoder divides (i.e., segments)
a frame input to the turbo encoder into four sub frames (i.e.,
read information. Alternatively, when constructing a super
frame, the CPU 46 may determine to combine the required 10 ms/4) and encodes the sub frames, and a turbo decoder
in the channel decoder then decodes the sub frames and
frames and therefore must also determine the number of
reassembles the decoded sub frames into the original frame,
frames to be combined, using the read information. Based on
the determination, the CPU 46 provides a frame segment/4O the turbo decoder requires a memory capacity which is
proportional to 5120 bits multiplied by the number of soft
combine control signal and an interleaving mode signal to
the bit counter 50 and a programmable interleaver 52, decision bits, thereby causing a reduction in the required
memory capacity.
respectively, to perform turbo encoding. That is, according
to the QoS of the data to transmit, the CPU 46 determines
Furthermore, for a low BER service having a low data rate
how many consecutive input frames should be combined to 45 of 32 Kbps/10 ms, each data frame input to the turbo encoder
generate a super frame, or alternatively determines the
will consist of 320 bits. If encoding is performed at a data
number of sub frames which will be generated by segmentrate of 32 Kbps/80 ms (i.e., each frame consists of 2560
ing one input frame. The turbo encoder then turbo encodes
bits), the time delay is somewhat increased, as compared
data bits of the super frame or data bits of the respective sub
with the case where turbo encoding is performed at the data
frames. As previously stated, the QoS may include input 50 rate of 32 Kbps/10 ms (i.e., each frame consists of 320 bits).
frame length, user data rate, permissible delay, permissible However, it is possible to decrease the BER for the same
error rate, etc.
signal-to-noise ratio Eb/No or decrease the Eb/No value for
In determining whether to disassemble or assemble the
the same BER, thereby increasing the overall system capacframes by the CPU 46, the following criteria are considered. ity.
In general, for transmitting packet data, the mobile com-55 In the mobile communication system, not all the users or
munication system uses a low data rate of below several tens
mobile stations are provided with the same services. Instead,
of Kbps, with a transmission delay from several tens of ms
the available data rate is limited according to the user class,
(milliseconds) and requires a BER on the order of 10-2-10- the mobile station or the base station. In addition, the
4. For example, if the output frame of the source data available data rate may be limited due to the memory
encoder 42 is 10 ms long and a permissible delay time 6o capacity determined according to the class of the respective
permitted in the turbo encoder is 40 ms, it is possible to
mobile stations. Accordingly, when the data rate is variable
combine four 10 ms frames output from the source data from 32 Kbps to 2048 Kbps according to the service type (or
encoder 42 into one super frame, which will be input to the
service option) and the permissible time delay also varies
turbo encoder. Therefore, the error rate of assembled packet
from 10 ms to 400 ms, the device according to the present
data can be decreased.
65 invention can vary the length of the frames input to the turbo
For transmitting character, image and moving picture encoder according to the class of the user or mobile station
data, the mobile communication system has a permissible
the class of the base station service type or the channel

APLNDC-WH-A 0000016626

US 6,928,604 B2

7

8

condition while satisfying the required error rate of the
bined by the bit counter 50 the interleaving address mapper
corresponding service. For example, when channel condi74 maps the input bits to the interleaved data buffer address
tions are less than optimum, the device according to the
corresponding to the interleaving processing result so as to
present invention can satisfy the error rate required by a
perform interleaving, and provides the interleaved data to an
corresponding service by increasing the length of the frames 5 interleaved input data buffer (ILIB) 78 in the first buffer 54
input to the turbo encoder and thereby permitting an increase
or an ILIB 90 in the second buffer 56.
in the time delay rather than increasing the transmission
The first and second input buffers 54 and 56 each include
power.
two input switches, two output switches, an input data save
The frame segmentation or combination information,
which is the message information being exchanged between buffer (IDSB) with input and output ports connected to ones
the base station and the mobile station, contains information s0 of the input and output switches, and the ILIB with input and
output ports connected to the other ones of the input and
about the size of the frames to be encoded/decoded, wherein
output switches. In the drawing, reference numerals 16 and
the frame size may be determined according to user data
88 denote IDSBs, reference numerals 78 and 90 denote
rate, input frame length, permissible delay, permissible error
ILIBs, reference numerals 80, 84, 92 and 96 denote input
rate and the channel condition, etc.
25 switches, and reference numerals 82, 86, 94 and 98 denote
The bit counter 5!) counts N bits of the input data
according to an N-bit frame segment/combine control signal output switches. All the switches are controlled by the CPU
46. The switches 80, 82, 84 and 86 in the first input buffer
output from the CPU 46, and provides the counted N bits to
54 operate as a mirror image and alternate with the switches
the programmable interleaver 52 and first and second input
92, 94, 96 and 98 in the second input buffer 56. That is, input
buffers 54 and 56. The bit counter 51) also generates a bit
20 switches 80 and 84 in the first input buffer 54 are in the ON
count termination signal to the CPU 46 whenever it counts
state and the output switches 82 and 86 are in the OFF state,
N bits of the input data. Therefore, it can be appreciated that
while the input switches 92 and 96 in the second input buffer
the bit counter 5!) segments or combines the input frames
56 are in the OFF state and the output switches 94 and 98 are
into sub or super frames having a specific length, under the
in the ON state.
control of the CPU 46 which uses the QoS information, such 25
Accordingly, when the bit counter 50 counts N bits of the
as the service type and the data rate of the input data, stored
input data under the control of the CPU 46, the data output
in the frame segment/combine information storage 48, and
from the bit counter is first stored in the IDSB 76 in the first
provides the sub or super frames to the programmable
buffer 54 through the input switch 80 which is initially in the
interleaver 52 and the first and second input buffers 54 and
ON state. At this moment, the counted data bits output from
56.
3o the bit counter 50 are interleaved by the programmable
An interleaving processor 72, a component of the prointerleaver 52 and then stored in the ILIB 78 in the first input
grammable interleaver 52, reads interleaving parameters
buffer 54 through the switch 84. If the bit counter 50
from an interleaving parameter storage 7!) according to an
generates a bit count termination signal for the sub/super
interleaving mode control signal output from the CPU 46 to
46
process the read interleaving parameters, and provides the 35 frame of N-bit length, the CPUfirstthen repeats the above
procedure after switching the
input buffer 54 to an
processing result to an interleaving address mapper 74.
output state and the second input buffer 56 to an input state.
Here, the CPU 46 provides the interleaving processor 72
As a result, the next N bits counted from the bit counter 50
with the following interleaving information.
and the interleaved data from the programmable interleaver
First, in the case where a turbo interleaver having a single
52 are stored in the IDSB 88
interleaving method is used as the interleaver 52, optimal 4o input buffer 56, respectively. and the ILIB 90 in the second
parameter values are provided as the interleaving informaDuring this operation, a first RSC (RSC1) 58 and a second
tion. The optimal parameter values are determined to have
RSC (RSC2) 60 receive the N-bit sub/super frame data and
the highest performance according to the length of the data
the corresponding interleaved data output from the IDSB 76
information bits sequence to be interleaved. The parameter
values can be determined by experimentally obtained val- 45 and LIB 78 in the first input buffer through the output
switches 82 and 86, respectively, and then performs turbo
ues.
Second, in the case where a turbo interleaver having one encoding by the N-bit frame unit in the same manner as the
turbo encoder of FIG. 1.
or more interleaving methods is used as the interleaver 52,
Next, when the N-bit frame data is completely stored in
optimal parameter values are provided as the interleaving
information and are determined to have the highest perfor- 5o the second input buffer 56, the first input buffer 54 is again
mance through experimentation according to the length of switched to the input state and the second input buffer 56 to
the output state. Therefore, the RSC1 58 and the RSC2 60
the information bits for interleaving and the variable length
turbo encode the data which are alternately output by the
of the interleaver in the corresponding interleaving mode.
N-bit frame unit from the first and second input buffers 54
For example, in the case where the required transmission
delay time is short and the input data frame of the turbo 55 and 56.
encoder (i.e., the output data frame of the source data
The turbo encoded bits from the RSC1 58 and the RSC2
encoder 42) is small in size (or length), a uniform interleaver
60 are multiplexed by a multiplexer 62 and then interleaved
such as a block interleaver or a cyclic shift interleaver is
by a channel interleaver 64. In the case where the several
used for the interleaver 52. Otherwise, in the case where the
input frames are combined into one super frame and the data
required transmission delay time is relatively long and the 6o is turbo encoded by the super frame unit, the channel
input data frame is large in size, a non-uniform interleaver
interleaver 64 performs channel interleaving by the super
such as a random interleaver is used for the interleaver 52.
frame unit as shown in FIG. 4. On the other hand, when one
From the foregoing description, it could be appreciated that
input frame is segmented into several sub frames and the
various interleavers can be used according to the size of the
data is turbo encoded by the sub frame unit, the channel
data to be interleaved.
65 interleaving is performed by the input frame unit as shown
The interleaving address mapper 74 receives either sub
in FIG. 5. That is, the channel interleaver 64 performs
frames or super frames of N-bit length segmented or cornchannel interleaving by combining the output symbols of the

APLNDC-WH-A 0000016627

US 6,928,604 B2

9

10

turbo encoder, encoded by the super frame or sub frame unit,
leaver and a deinterleaver in a turbo decoder 116 according
as large in size as the input frame. The interleaved data is
to the analysis, thereby performing turbo interleaving. In
modulated by a modulator 66 and then transmitted through
addition, when the receiving data is sub frame (actually the
a transmission channel 68.
received data is an original frame size but the frame is
Thus, the novel channel transmission device shown in 5 encoded by sub frame unit), the CPU 112 outputs an N-bit
frame segment control signal and a frame combine control
FIG. 3 combines the input data frames into super frames to
signal after turbo decoding according to the read message
increase the bit number N when a low BER is required from
information. Here, the information stored in the frame
an analysis of the QoS information such as the user’s service
segment/combine information storage 110 is similar to that
type (e.g., voice, character, image and moving picture).
Otherwise, when a low decoder complexity is required, the s0 stored in the frame segment/combine information storage 48
of FIG. 3. When the receiving data is super frame, the CPU
novel channel transmission device segments the input data
112 controls the turbo decoder to decode the received frame
frame into sub frames to decrease the bit number N per
as it is and then a frame segmenting control signal after turbo
frame. In this manner, the channel transmission device can
decoding according to the read message information.
maximize the efficiency of the turbo encoder.
The bit counter 106 consecutively provides the data
FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the 25
output from the demultiplexer 104 to a frame buffer 114 by
invention, wherein the frames are combined at a low or
the N-bit sub frame unit according to the N-bit frame
medium data rate and then turbo encoded. For example, a
segment control signal. Switches 126 and 132 in the frame
parameter J can be varied from 1 to 8 according to the
buffer 114 are initially in the ON state and the other switches
number of the frames to be assembled. In the turbo encoder,
the bit number of an input data frame, which is determined 20 128 and 130 are initially in the OFF state.
by multiplying the bit number of original frame by the frame
Therefore, the counted data bits output from the bit
number J, may be limited depending on user data rate and
counter 106 are initially stored in a first N-frame buffer
decoder complexity.
(N-FB1) 122. Upon completion of storing the N-bit data
output from the bit counter 106 in the N-FB1 122, the bit
FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining operation of the
25 counter 106 generates an N-bit count termination signal.
invention, wherein a frame data provided at a high data rate
Upon detecting the N-bit count termination signal, the CPU
is segmented and then turbo encoded. A parameter I can be
varied from i to 4 according to the number of the segmented
112 turns off switches 126 and 132 in the frame buffer 114
sub frames. Likewise, in the turbo encoder, the bit number
and turns on the other switches 130 and 128. Then, the N-bit
of an input data frame, which is determined by a value
data output from the bit counter 106 is stored in a second
obtained by dividing the bit number of original frame by the 3o N-frame buffer (N-FB2) 124. At this moment, the received
number, I, of the segmented sub frames, may be limited.
data stored in the N-FB1 122 is decoded by a turbo decoder
116 having the same structure as that of FIG. 2.
The data on the transmission channel transmitted by the
turbo channel encoder of FIG. 3 is decoded into the original
Accordingly, under the control of the CPU 112, the
data by the turbo channel decoder of FIG. 6, which is more 35 N-FB1 122 and the N-FB2 124 in the frame buffer 114
fully described from the following description.
alternately receive and store the data output by the N-bit unit
from the bit counter 106, and the stored data is decoded by
FIG. 6 illustrates the turbo channel decoder configuration
the turbo decoder 116. The decoded data output from the
according to an embodiment of the present invention. The
turbo decoder 116 is reconstructed into the frames of the
turbo channel decoder of FIG. 6 counts bits of the user data
input by the N-bit sub frame unit according to message 4o original length by a frame reconstructor 118 which is
controlled by the CPU 112, and then output as the user data
information to decode the input user data and thereafter,
through a source data decoder 120.
combines the decoded data into frames having the original
length, thereby reconstructed the user data. When the user
In summary, the turbo decoder 116, broadly described,
data consist of by N-bit super frame, the turbo decoder
receives a super frame consisting of multiple frames or
decodes the input user data and thereafter segments the 45 multiple sub frames segmented from a frame, and turbo
decoded data into frames having the original length, thereby
decodes the received frames. The frame reconstructor 118,
recontructing the user data.
under the control of the CPU 112, reconstructs, when user
data decoded by sub frame unit, the output of the turbo
Referring to FIG. 6, upon receiving a frame of N-bit
decoder 116 into the original frames in response to inforlength through the transmission channel 68, a demodulator
100 demodulates the received frame data and provides the 5o marion about the frame size and number of the frames
constituting the sub frame or information about the number
demodulated data to a channel deinterleaver 102. The chanof the sub frames segmented from the input frame and the
nel deinterleaver 102 descrambles the demodulated data
size of the sub frames. That is frame reconstructor 118,
frame and applies it to a demultiplexer 104, which demulsegments super frames or combines sub frames in response
tiplexes the multiplexed data symbols and parity symbols
and provides the demultiplexed symbols to a bit counter 106. 55 to the original frame information.
Here, a message information receiver 108 receives message
The turbo encoder of the present invention also includes
information regarding the service type of the user and the
a method in which any one of the bit counter 50 and the
data rate that the message information transmitter 44 of FIG.
buffers 54 and 56 for interleaving, shown in FIG. 3, is not
3 has transmitted, and provides the received message inforrequired. In the frame combining operation, the data bits are
mation to a CPU 112.
6o sequentially stored in the memory (i.e, buffer 54 or 56) for
The CPU 112 analyzes the message information provided
interleaving the number of the frames to be combined. Data
from the message information receiver 108 and reads frame
bits are sequentially output to the RSC1 in the turbo encoder
segmentation or combination information from a frame
in quantities equivalent to the number of non-interleaved
segment/combine information storage 110 according to the
combined frames. Data bits are output to the RSC2 in
analysis. Also, the CPU 112 analyzes the interleaving infor- 65 quantities equivalent to the number of combined frames
mation included in the message information and provides an
which are interleaved to the addresses of the interleaving
interleaving mode signal and a parameter value to an interaddress mapper generated by the interleaving processor.

APLNDC-WH-A 0000016628

US 6,928,604 B2

11

12

In another exemplary method, in the frame combination
9. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim
operation, the input data bits are sequentially stored in the
1, wherein the number of input data frames to compose the
memory for interleaving. Data bits are sequentially output to
super frame is determined by a receiver memory size.
the RSC1 in the turbo decoder in quantities equivalent to the
10. A channel encoding method for a mobile communisize of the combined frame size. Data bits are interleaved to 5 cation system having turbo encoder input data frames of
the RSC2 and output in quantities equivalent to the size of
variable size, comprising the steps of:
the combined frame size.
determining the number of input data frames to construct
Accordingly, the turbo channel encoder of FIG. 3 and the
a super frame;
turbo channel decoder of FIG. 6 combine input data frames
concatenating the number of the input data frames into a
into a super frame to encode and decode the input frames by s0
super frame; and
the super frame unit when the input data frames are too
turbo encoding data of the super frame consisting of more
short, and segment an input frame into multiple sub frames
than one input data frame.
to encode and decode the input frame by the sub frame unit
when the input frame is too long, to increase transmission
11. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 10,
efficiency.
wherein the turbo encoding step further comprises the steps
As described above, the embodiment of the present inven- 15 of:
tion segments or combines input frames into sub frames or
encoding data of the super frame;
super frames of an appropriate length when the input data
interleaving data of the super frame; and
frame is very long or short, and then encodes and decodes
encoding data of the interleaved super frame.
the sub frames or super frames. In this manner, it is possible
to reduce the number of required calculations and memory 20 12. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 10,
further comprising the step of channel interleaving the turbo
capacity required in the decoder, while fully securing the
encoded data in accordance with the size of the super frame.
performance of the turbo code encoder.
13. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 10,
While the invention has been shown and described with
processor determines to
the input
reference to a certain preferred embodiment thereof, it will wherein theif the data rate of the inputconcatenateis less than
data frames
data frame
be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes 25 32 kbps/10 ms.
in form and details may be made therein without departing
14. The mobile communication system as claimed in
from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the
claim 10, wherein the number of input data frames to
appended claims.
construct the super frame is determined by a permissible
What is claimed is:
1. A mobile communication system having input data 30 delay. The mobile communication system as claimed in
15.
frames of variable size, comprising:
claim 10, wherein the number of input data frames to
a processor for determining the number of input data
construct the super frame is determined by a permissible
frames to concatenate to compose a super frame; and
error rate.
a turbo encoder for turbo encoding the super frame 35 16. The mobile communication system as claimed in
consisting of more than one input data frame.
claim 10, wherein the number of input data frames to
2. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim construct the super frame is determined by a receiver
1, wherein the turbo encoder comprises:
memory size.
a first constituent encoder for encoding data of the super
17. A mobile communication system having turbo
frame;
encoder input data frames of variable size, comprising:
40
an interleaver for interleaving the data of the super frame;
a decoder for turbo decoding data being received as a
and
super frame including a plurality of original input data
a second constituent encoder, operably connected to said
frames; and
interleaver, for encoding the interleaved data of the
a frame reconstructor for segmenting an output of the
super frame.
45
turbo decoder into a number of original input data
3. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim
frames in accordance with a message information about
1, wherein said interleaver includes an interleaving address
the original input data frames constituting said super
mapper for interleaving the data of the super frame.
frame.
4. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim
18. The mobile communication system as claimed in
2, further comprising:
50 claim 17, further comprising a processor for determining a
a multiplexer for multiplexing respective outputs of the number and a size of original input data frames constituting
first and second constituent encoders; and
said super frame based upon received message information
a channel interleaver for interleaving an output of the
about the number and the size of the original input data
multiplexer.
frames combined into the super frame, and providing the
5. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 55determined number and size information to the frame recon1, wherein the processor determines to concatenate the input
structor.
data frames if the data rate of the input data frame is less than
19. The mobile communication system as claimed in
claim 17, wherein said message information is received
32 i/10 ms.
6. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim during a call setup.
1, further wherein the number of input data frames to make 6o 20. The mobile communication system as claimed in
the super frame is determined by a data size of a frame.
claim 17, further comprising a processor for determining a
7. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim number and a size of original input data frames constituting
1, wherein the number of input data frames to compose the
said super frame based upon received message information
super frame is determined by a permissible delay.
about the number and the size of the original input data
8. The mobile communication system as claimed in claim 65
frames combined into the super frame, and providing the
1, wherein the number of input data frames to compose the
determined number and size information to the frame reconsuper frame is determined by a permissible error rate.
structor.

APLNDC-WH-A 0000016629

US 6,928,604 B2

13

14

21. A channel decoding method for a mobile communiturbo encoding the super frame which is composed of a
cation system having turbo encoder input data frames of
number of input data frames.
variable size, comprising the steps of:
25. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 24,
wherein the predetermined value is less than 32 kbps/10 ms.
turbo decoding data received as a super frame including
26. A channel encoding method for a mobile communi5
a plurality of original input data frames; and
cation system having turbo encoder input data frames of
segmenting an output of the decoder into a number of
variable size, comprising the steps of:
original input data frames in accordance with message
determining a number of input data frames to construct a
information about the original input data frames consuper frame according to a QoS (Quality of Service);
stituting said super frame.
22. A mobile communication system having turbo 10 concatenating the number of input data frames into a
super frame; and
encoder input data frames comprising:
turbo encoding data of the super frame.
a processor for determining to concatenate a number of
27. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 26,
input data frames to compose a super frame when a data
rate of the input data frames is less than a predeter- 25 wherein the turbo encoding step further comprises the steps
of: encoding data of the super frame;
mined value;
interleaving data of the super frame; and
a first constituent encoder for encoding data of the super
encoding data of the interleaved super frame.
frame;
28. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 26,
an interleaver for interleaving the data of the super frame;
a second constituent encoder for encoding output of the 2o further comprising the step of channel interleaving the turbo
encoded data in accordance with the size of the super frame.
interleaver; and
29. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 26,
a channel interleaver for interleaving the output of the wherein the QoS includes a data rate.
turbo encoder.
30. The channel encoding method as claimed in claim 29,
23. The mobile communication system as claimed in 25 wherein the data rate is less than 32 kbps/10 ms.
claim 22, wherein the predetermined value is 32 kbps/10 ms. 31. The mobile communication system as claimed in
24. A channel encoding method for a mobile communi- claim 26, wherein the QoS includes a permissible delay.
cation system having turbo encoder input data frames of
32. The mobile communication system as claimed in
variable size, comprising the steps of:
claim 26, wherein the QoS includes a permissible error rate.
comparing a data rate of input data frames to a turbo 3O 33. The mobile communication system as claimed in
encoder with a predetermined value;
claim 26, wherein the QoS includes a receiver memory size.
deciding to compose a super frame if the data rate is less
than the predetermined value; and

APLNDC-WH-A 0000016630