Apple, Inc. v. Motorola, Inc. et al

Filing 93

Declaration of Christine Saunders Haskett filed by Plaintiffs Apple, Inc., NEXT SOFTWARE, INC. re: 90 Motion Requesting Claims Construction (Attachments: # 1 Ex. 21 IEEE Dictionary, # 2 Ex. 22 '575 file history, # 3 Ex. 23 '486 file history, # 4 Ex. 24 Order No. 18, # 5 Ex. 25 '705 file history, # 6 Ex. 26 '647 file history, # 7 Ex. 27 Brad Cox, # 8 Ex. 28 Microsoft Press Dictionary, # 9 Ex. 29 '002 file history, # 10 Ex. 30 Dictionary of Computer Words, # 11 Ex. 31 Computer Dictionary, # 12 Ex. 32 Academic Press Dictionary, # 13 Ex. 33 IBM Dictionary, # 14 Ex. 34 Black's Law Dictionary, # 15 Ex. 35 About 3GPP, # 16 Ex. 36 '919 patent, # 17 Ex. 37 '713 provisional application) (Haslam, Robert)

EXHIBIT 32

cademic ress
Dictionary
of Science and
Technology
Edited by

Christopher Morris

Academic Press
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
San Diego New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto

This book is printed on acid-free paper.

e

Copyright © 1992 by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
All Rights Reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information
storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Academic Press, Inc.
1250 Sixth Avenue, San Diego, California 92101-4311
United Kingdom Edition published by

Academic Press Limited
24-28 Oval Road, London NWI 7DX

Library of Congress Cata10ging-in-Publication Data
Academic Press dictionary of science and technology / edited by
Christopher Morris
p. cm.
ISBN 0-12-200400-0
1. Science--Dictionaries. 2. Technology--Dictionaries.
I. Morris, Christopher G. II. Academic Press. III. Title:
Dictionary of science and technology.
Q123.A33 1991
503--dc20

PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

92 93

94 95

96 97

DO

9 8 7

6 5 4 3 2

1

90-29032
CIP

modulated structure

1399

modulated structure Crystallography. a crystal in which true threedimensionalliattice periodicity is lost but which can be described as an
(imaginary) basic structure with space group symmetry combined with
periodic deformation (modulation). The diffraction pattern gives information on each of these two components.
modulating codon see MODULATION CODON.
modulating electrode Electronics. in a cathode-ray tube, an electrode
to which a potential is applied to control the magnitude of a beam current.
modulating signal Telecommunications. a wave that varies some
characteristic of the carrier, such as the frequency, phase, or amplitude.
Also, modulating wave.
modulation Mechanical Engineering. the process of regulating the air
to fuel ratio in a burner for varying the load conditions on a boiler.
Telecommunications. a process in which a characteristic of one wave is
varied in accordance with the characteristic of another wave. Molecular
Biology. a process of more frequent translation of particular sequences
of messenger RNA.
modulation code Telecommunications. a code that causes variation in
a given signal in accordance with a specific scheme; usually implemented in order to alter a carrier wave to transmit data.
modulation codon Molecular Biology. a codon that functions as a regulatory agent, coding for a rare tRNA and causing an interruption or a
change in the rate of protein translation. Also, MODULATING CODON.
modulation crest Telecommunications. the maximum amplitude of an
amplitude-modulated wave.
modulation-doped structure Solid-State Physics. a semiconductor
heterostructure in which conduction electrons are spatially separated
from their parent donor or acceptor impurity atoms.
modulation envelope Telecommunications. a curve drawn through
the peaks of a graph that shows how the waveform of a modulated carrier depicts the waveform of the intelligence carried by the signal.
modulation factor Telecommunications. a mathematical formula for
determining the percentage of modulation of an amplitude-modulated
wave. The ratio of half the difference between the maximum and minimum amplitUdes to the average amplitude is multiplied by 100.
modulation index Telecommunications. in frequency modulation with
a sinusoidal modulating wave, the ratio of the frequency deviation to the
frequency of the modulating wave. Also, RATIO DEVIATION.
modulation meter Engineering. a device that is used to measure the
modulation of a modulated wave train, with readings expressed as a percentage.
modulation rise Electronics. an increase of the modulation percentage
due to nonlinearity of a tuned amplifier; usually, the last intermediatefrequency stage of a receiver.
modulation spectroscopy Spectroscopy. the measurement and analysis of changes in transmittance or reflectance spectra induced by an externally applied perturbation, such as a magnetic field or a change in
pressure.
modulation transformer Acoustical Engineering. an audio-frequency
transformer used for matching impedances and transmitting such frequencies to the output stage of an audio amplifier.
modulation with a fixed carrier Telecommunications. phase modulation with a pilot carrier.
modulator Electronics. a circuit or device that varies some characteristic of a carrier signal in accordance with the waveform of a modulating
signal. Biochemistry. see EFFECTOR.
modulator crystal Optics. a crystal that modulates light by electrooptic or magnetic effects, most commonly a Pockels cell.
modulator-demodulator see MODEM.
modulator glow tube Electronics. a cold-cathode recorder tube used
for facsimile and sound-on-film recording to provide a modulated highintensity point-of-light source.
module [maj'gl; maj'ool] a distinct unit or component; specific uses include: Engineering. any of various standards or units of measurement
used in building, design, and civil engineering. Building Engineering. a
structural unit that is designed to be joined with others. Space Technology. one of the individual, self-contained units of a spacecraft, having a
distinct function. Electronics. 1. an assembly of self-contained, interconnected components that constitutes an identifiable electronic device,
instrument, or piece of equipment. 2. a complete subassembly of such a
unit. Computer Programming. a discrete, logical component of a program. Computer Technology. 1. an interchangeable plug-in item containing electronic components that complete, enhance, or expand
processing capability or memory capacity. 2. a single memory bank.

Moeritheri idae

Mathematics. Let R be a ring. An (left) R-module is an additive abelian
group A together with a (left) multiplication (sometimes called scalar
multiplication) by members of R such that, for all r, s E R and all a, b E
A, (a) rea + b) = ra + rb, (b) (r + s)a = ra + sa, and (c) r(sa) = (rs)a. If
R has an identity element lR and if IRa = a for all a E A, then A is said
to be a unitary R-module. Right modules are similarly defined for scalar
multiplication on the right. If R is a division ring (skew field), the module is called a vector space.
modulo Mathematics. a general term for the formation of congruence
classes (a particular type of equivalence class) for a given modulus
within an algebraic object. For example, if H is a subgroup of a group
G, then two elements a and b of G are said to be congruent modulo H if
ab- 1 EH; denoted a b (mod H). In particular, if G is the integers under
addition and the subgroup H consists of all multiples of a fixed integer
m, then the resulting congruence classes are referred to as "the integers
(mod m)" and the rules of modular arithmetic are used for computations.
Two integers are said to be equivalent mod m if their difference is equal
to a multiple of m.
modulo-N check Computer Programming. a procedure used to verify
computational accuracy by repeating the calculations in modulo-N arithmetic and comparing remainders. Also, RESIDUE CHECK.
modulo-two adder Computer Technology. an electronic circuit that
functions as an exclusive-or gate, returning a I if the inputs are different
and a 0 if they are the same.
modulus [miij'g 19s] Mathematics. 1. the number in a modular arithmetic. 2. the subgroup used to form congruence classes within an algebraic object. Also, modulus of the congruence. 3. given a complex
number a + bi, the quantity (a z + iZ)I/2. Also called the absolute value or
absolute magnitude of the complex number. The modulus of a function
of a complex variable is similarly defined. 4. the norm of a vector in Euclidean n-space. 5. the value k in the elliptic integral of the first kind

=

u = F(k,l'f) = J~(l- kZsinZ8t l/2d8.

Denoted by k = modu. Mechanics. see MODULUS OF ELASCTICITY.
modulus of compression see BULK MODULUS.
modulus of continuity Mathematics. a former way of expressing the
relationship between E and 8 in the definition of (uniform) continuity.
The modulus of continuity of a given function! on the interval [a,b] is
g(8)

= sup{ !t(xI ) - !(XZ) I: IX I -

xzl < 8 and a:S; xI' X :s; b).
z

modulus of deformation Mechanics. the modulus of elasticity of materials not having elastic proportionality.
modulus of distance see DISTANCE MODULUS.
modulus of elasticity Materials Science. the stress per unit elastic
strain, expressed as a ratio between the stress placed on a material and
the strain, or dimensional response to stress. The most commonly encountered modulus of elasticity is Young's modulus: E = F(s,e) =
F(FjA,/'iLjL). The modulus of elasticity is a measure of the stiffness of a
material. Also, ELASTIC MODULUS.
modulus of elasticity in shear see SHEAR MODULUS.
modulus of precision see INDEX OF PRECISION.
modulus of resilience Mechanics. the strain energy per unit volume
that an elastic material will store in uniaxial stress at the material's elastic limit.
modulus of rigidity Mechanics. see SHEAR MODULUS.
modulus of rupture in bending Mechanics. the fictitious maximum
stress in a bending member at failure, computed as though the member
retained linear elasticity.
modulus of rupture in torsion Mechanics. the fictitious maximum
shear stress in a twisting member at failure, computed as though the
member retained linear elasticity.
modulus of the complex number see ABSOLUTE VALUE.
modulus of torsion see TORSIONAL MODULUS.
modulus of volume elasticity see BULK MODULUS.
modus ponens Artificial Intelligence. a rule of logical inference: if P
is true and P -7 Q, conclude Q. (From Latin; literally, "a method of
putting in place.")
MODY maturity-onset diabetes of youth.
Moellerella Bacteriology. a genus of Gram-negative bacteria of the
family Enterobacteriaceae that are found in human feces and may be associated with diarrhea.
Moeritheriidae Paleontology. a family of subungulate proboscidean
mammals in the extinct suborder Moeritherioidea; the first of the elephants, tapir-sized, with canines that foreshadow the development of
tusks in later genera; Eocene and Oligocene.