Mirror Worlds, LLC v. Apple, Inc.

Filing 150

CLAIM CONSTRUCTION BRIEF filed by Apple, Inc.. (Attachments: #1 Affidavit, #2 Exhibit A, #3 Exhibit B, #4 Exhibit C - Part 1, #5 Exhibit C - Part 2, #6 Exhibit C - Part 3, #7 Exhibit C - Part 4, #8 Exhibit C - Part 5, #9 Exhibit C - Part 6, #10 Exhibit C - Part 7, #11 Exhibit C - Part 8, #12 Exhibit D, #13 Exhibit E, #14 Exhibit F, #15 Exhibit G - Part 1, #16 Exhibit G - Part 2, #17 Exhibit G - Part 3, #18 Exhibit G - Part 4, #19 Exhibit G - Part 5, #20 Exhibit H)(Cherensky, Steven)

Mirror Worlds, LLC v. Apple, Inc.

Doc. 150 Att. 9

Application N o . 0 8 / 2 8 7 , 1 0 8

Art u n i t 2412

using a sample and collection of words and executing a p r o c e s s u s i n g r e l e v a n c y i s shown i n t h e p r o c e s s flows
o f f i g . 6 a n d 7 . R e l e v a n c y i s s h o w n by t h e d e c i s i o n b l o c k s , c o l l e c t i o n s o f w o r d s i s s h o w n by t h e d o c u m e n t t y p e s a n d m e n u s , p r o c e s s e x e c u t i o n i s s h o w n by t h e process flow. D e p e n d e n t c l a i m s 43 t o 53 c o n t a i n s s U b s t a n t i a l l y s i m i l a r s U b j e c t m a t t e r a s c l a i m s 2 t o 6 a n d 13 t o 1 6 a n d a r e similarly rejected. w i t h r e s p e c t t o d e p e n d e n t c l a i m s 54 t o 5 8 ,

v i e w i n g documents b y movement and f l i p p i n g i s shown
c o l . 1 1 l i n e s 28 t o 6 0 . w i t h r e s p e c t t o d e p e n d e n t c l a i m 59 t o 6 5 ,

adding documents to mUltiple types of collections which indicate what i s contained and querying where addition i s q u e s t i o n a b l e i s s h o w n by t h e p o r t r a y a l o f m U l t i p l e
collections in fig 2 to 4 and the query decision blocks in the process flows of fig. 6 and 7.

C l a i m R e j e c t i o n s - 3 5 USC §

~03

6. T h e f o l l o w i n g i s a q u o t a t i o n o f 35 U . S . C . § 1 0 3 w h i c h f o r m s the basis for a l l obviousness rejections set forth in this Office action: A p a t e n t may n o t b e o b t a i n e d t h o u g h t h e i n v e n t i o n i s n o t identically disclosed or described as set forth in section ,102 of t h i s t i t l e , i f the differences between the sUbject m a t t e r s o u g h t t o be p a t e n t e d a n d t h e p r i o r a r t a r e s u c h t h a t
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the sUbject matter as a whole would have been obvious a t the t i m e t h e i n v e n t i o n was made t o a p e r s o n h a v i n g o r d i n a r y s k i l l in the a r t to which said sUbject matter pertains. P a t e n t a b i l i t y s h a l l n o t b e n e g a t i v e d by t h e m a n n e r i n w h i c h the invention was made. SUbject matter developed by another person, which qualifies a s p r i o r a r t o n l y u n d e r s u b s e c t i o n ( f ) o r ( g ) o f s e c t i o n 102 of this t i t l e , shall not preclude patentability under this section where the sUbject matter and the claimed invention w e r e , a t t h e t i m e t h e i n v e n t i o n was m a d e , o w n e d b y t h e s a m e person o r sUbject t o an o b l i g a t i o n of assignment t o t h e same person.

This

app~ication

currently names j o i n t inventors.

In
§

c o n s i d e r i n g p a t e n t a b i l i t y o f t h e c l a i m s u n d e r 35 U . S . C .

103,

the examiner presumes that the sUbject matter of the various c l a i m s w a s commonly owned a t t h e t i m e a n y i n v e n t i o n s c o v e r e d t h e r e i n w e r e made a b s e n t a n y e v i d e n c e t o t h e c o n t r a r y . i s a d v i s e d o f t h e o b l i g a t i o n u n d e r 37 C . F . R .
§

Applicant

1.56 to point out

the inventor and invention dates of each claim t h a t was not c o m m o n l y o w n e d a t t h e t i m e a l a t e r i n v e n t i o n was m a d e i n o r d e r f o r t h e e x a m i n e r t o c o n s i d e r t h e a p p l i c a b i l i t y o f p o t e n t i a l 35 U.S.C.
§

1 0 2 ( f ) o r (g) p r i o r a r t u n d e r 35 U . S . C .

§

103.

7.

C l a i m s 1 t o 6 , 8 t o 30 a n d 34 t o 80 a r e r e j e c t e d u n d e r 35
§

U.S.C.

103 a s b e i n g u n p a t e n t a b l e o v e r L e v i n e e t a l . a s a p p l i e d ( U . S . P a t . No. 5 2 4 7 4 3 7 9 / 9 3 ) . T h i s

above in view of Vale e t al.

i s maintained from prior action.

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A l t e r n a t i v e l y , w i t h r e s p e c t t o c l a i m s 1 t o 6 , 11 t o 3 0 , 37 t o 68 a n d 70 t o 8 0 , i n t e r p r e t i n g t h e c l a i m e l e m e n t " c o l l e c t i v e i n t e r n a l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n " t o mean w o r d t a b l e s , L e v i n e s h o w s d i s p l a y i n g a p l u r a l i t y o f d o c u m e n t s i n a r e d u c e d f o r m a t ( s t a m p s 34) on a display screen using an internal collective representation (fig. 5) a s a p p l i e d a b o v e , b u t d o e s n o t show u s i n g w o r d t a b l e s f o r t h e collective internal representation. Vale shows using word tables for the collective internal representation in an analogous a r t f o r t h e p u r p o s e o f a g g r e g a t i n g d o c u m e n t s b a s e d on w o r d c o n t e n t . I t would have been obvious to a person of ordinary s k i l l in the a r t a t t h e t i m e t h e i n v e n t i o n was made t o a p p l y V a l e ' s w o r d t a b l e to Levine because of the taught advantages of using content as the c r i t e r i a for document aggregation.

w i t h r e s p e c t t o d e p e n d e n t c l a i m s 6 9 , 8 t o 10 a n d 34 t o 3 6 , L e v i n e shows displaying a p l u r a l i t y of documents in a reduced format ( s t a m p s 34) on a d i s p l a y s c r e e n u s i n g a n i n t e r n a l c o l l e c t i v e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n ( f i g . 5) a s a p p l i e d a b o v e , b u t d o e s n o t s h o w t h e w o r d t a b l e o f c l a i m s 69 a n d 8 . V a l e s h o w s u s i n g w o r d t a b l e s f o r the collective internal representation in an analogous a r t for t h e p u r p o s e o f a g g r e g a t i n g d o c u m e n t s b a s e d on w o r d c o n t e n t . I t would have been obvious to a person of ordinary s k i l l in the a r t a t t h e t i m e t h e i n v e n t i o n was made t o a p p l y V a l e ' s w o r d t a b l e t o

-9-

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Levine because of the taught advantages of using content as the c r i t e r i a for document aggregation.

W i t h r e s p e c t t o d e p e n d e n t c l a i m s 9 , 1 0 a n d 34 t o 3 6 , depending from claim 8, vectors and measures o f similarity are shown by Vale's word indexes, and color indication i s shown inherently as a well known embodiment by operation of a display controller in a color environment.

8.

C l a i m s 8 1 t o 8 6 a r e r e j e c t e d u n d e r 35 U . S . C .

§

103 as being

unpatentable over Nicol et al.

(U.S. Pat. No. 5287448 2/94) i n

view of Levine et al. as applied above. w i t h r e s p e c t t o i n d e p e n d e n t c l a i m 8 1 a n d d e p e n d e n t c l a i m 82 and 83, Nicol shows

graphical iconic collection representation i s shown
fig. 2.

displaying indicia o f document by selecting position from representation i s shown f i g . 2. r e g a r d l e s s o f p o s i t i o n on r e p r e s e n t a t i o n i s s h o w n f i g .
2 in which help i s provided regardless of position.

concurrent adjacent display o f representation and indicia i s shown f i g . 2.
but does not show document collection. Levine shows a graphical document collection in an analogous a r t for the -10-

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Art unit 2412

purpose of presenting documents. I t would have been obvious to one of ordinary s k i l l in the a r t a t the time the i n v e n t i o n w a s made t o a p p l y L e v i n e ' s d o c u m e n t c o l l e c t i o n t o Nicol's help system because of the generic use of a help system such as Nicol's to any graphic interface such as Levine's. D e p e n d e n t c l a i m s 84 t o 86 a r e s U b s t a n t i a l l y s i m i l a r t o c l a i m s 81 t o 83 e x c e p t f o r a p p l y i n g t b m U l t i p l e i n s t a n c e s inherent in the applied reference and are similarly rejected.

9.

C l a i m s 31 t o 33 a r e r e j e c t e d u n d e r 35 U . S . C .

§

103 a s b e i n g

unpatentable over Reed e t a l .

( U . S . P a t . No. 5 2 4 1 6 7 1 8 / 9 3 ) .

w i t h r e s p e c t t o i n d e p e n d e n t c l a i m 31 a n d d e p e n d e n t c l a i m s 32 and 33,

graphical display of documents and document collections
i s s h o w n f i g . 23 a n d a b s t r a c t .

creating a document collection using a f i r s t document as a sample for said collection and searching for next d o c u m e n t b a s e d on f i r s t d o c u m e n t i s s h o w n f i g . 5 i n
w h i c h a r t i c l e s a r e s e l e c t e d a n d d i s p l a y e d b a s e d on contents. I t i s noted that fig. 5 originates from fig. 4 w h i c h b e g i n s w i t h a t e r m e n t e r e d on a s c r e e n . T h e

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Art unit 2412

d a t a e n t r y f i e l d f o r s u c h t e r m may b e c h a r a c t e r i z e d a s a document. viewing and r e p r e s e n t i n g documents i s shown f i g . 5 r e f .
240.

b u t d o e s n o t show u s i n g a p r e d e f i n e d d o c u m e n t f o r t h e search. However, automatically using a word from a predefined document, i . e . contents, for searching other documents i s shown f i g . 8 i n u s e o f G l o s s a r y , Bookmark a n d Dictionary. I t would have been obvious to a person of o r d i n a r y s k i l l i n t h e a r t a t t h e t i m e t h e i n v e n t i o n w a s made to apply the automated use of a word from a predefined document to the fig. 5 search engine because of the teachings for such practice within the same reference as m o t i v a t e d by t h e s a m e r e a s o n f o r d o i n g s o w i t h a d i c t i o n a r y , to immediately search without the need for retyping.

Response t o Amendment 10. A p p l i c a n t ' s a r g u m e n t s w i t h r e s p e c t t o c l a i m s 1 t o 6 , 8 t o 30

a n d 34 t o 80 h a v e b e e n f u l l y c o n s i d e r e d b u t t h e y a r e n o t d e e m e d to be persuasive.

A r g u m e n t - L e v i n e d o e s n o t s h o w an i n t e r n a l c o l l e c t i v e representation or a user defined specification for an aligned stack-12-

,,-._----------------------_.

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Response

L e v i n e ' s i n t e r n a l c o l l e c t i v e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n b a s e d on i n t e r n a l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s o f . . . d o c u m e n t s i s s h o w n f i g . Sa a n d S b . I n p a r t i c u l a r , t h e p o r t r a y e d d a t a s t r u c t u r e i s i n t e r n a l by v i r t u e o f b e i n g i n t e r n a l t o t h e s y s t e m o f f i g . l a . The s t r u c t u r e i s a c o l l e c t i v e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n by v i r t u e p f f i g . Sa s h o w i n g a l i n k e d l i s t collecting representations of each document. Each document s t r u c t u r e i n f i g . 4b p o r t r a y s , i . e . i s b a s e d on t h e d o c u m e n t ' s type, i.e. its internal representation.

A l t h o u g h t h e r e i s o n e t o t a l l i s t s h o w n i n f i g . Sa f o r t h e d e s k t o p , t h e l i s t i s d o u b l y l i n k e d a s shown i n f i g . S a . T h e r e f o r e each internal sequence of documents in the l i s t forms a sublist so there are inherently mUltiple such sublists or r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s . F u r t h e r , t h e i n d i v i d u a l d o c u m e n t s a r e g r o u p e d by u s e o f s t a p l e o r p a p e r c l i p i c o n s ( c o l . 4 l i n e s 41 t o 6 2 ) , s o stapling documents creates a collection. Further, i t would have been obvious to one of ordinary s k i l l in the a r t a t the time of the invention to have mUltiple such l i s t s , one for each type of d o c u m e n t s i n c e s o r t i n g by d o c u m e n t t y p e w a s n o t o r i o u s l y w e l l known i n t h e a r t ( o p e r a t o r s n e e d e d t o s e e a l l w o r k s h e e t s together, for example).

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724 FH 257 APMW0025568

Application N o . 0 8 / 2 8 7 , 1 0 8

Art u n i t 2412

To t h e e x t e n t t h e d o c u m e n t t y p e f i e l d i s e x t e r n a l t o t h e a c t u a l document, i t nevertheless serves as an internal representation, internal to the system, and further, i t would have been obvious to one of ordinary s k i l l in the a r t at the time of the invention t o b a s e s u c h a f i e l d on t h e a c t u a l i n t e r n a l c o n t e n t s o f d o c u m e n t s s i n c e i t w a s n o t o r i o u s l y w e l l known a t t h e t i m e t h a t d o c u m e n t type was encoded in documents, e.g. worksheet, word processing and database f i l e s used the f i r s t words in the f i l e to identify the document
~ype

a n d s o a n a l t e r n a t e w e l l known m e a n s o f

i d e n t i f y i n g s u c h t y p e was t o e x a m i n e t h e l e a d i n g w o r d s i n s u c h contents.

Argument - Levine does not show a base for documents or comparison o f individual with collective representations Response Levine shows a base in fig. 2 to 4 where the desktop forms a b a s e . S i n c e t h e l i n k e d l i s t i n f i g . Sa c o n t a i n s a l l c o n t e n t s i n the desktop, the desktop forms a base for cOllection. Vale shows building document collections using indexes, which i s inherently a comparison of an individual (document) with collective (index) representation. I t would have been obvious to one of ordinary s k i l l i n t h e a r t a t t h e t i m e t h e i n v e n t i o n w a s made t o a p p l y Vale's building document collections using indexes to Levine

-14-

-

-~----_._.

-_ ..

------

724 FH 258 APMW0025569

Application No. 0 8 / 2 8 7 , 1 0 8

Art Unit 2412

b e c a u s e o f t h e a d v a n t a g e s t a u g h t by V a l e o f m e t a i n d e x e s f o r document cOllections.

Argument - There i s no reason to combine Levine and Vale Response

Both Vale and Levine teach methods of document aggregation using a g r a p h i c a l u s e r i n t e r f a c e . One o f o r d i n a r y s k i l l i n t h e a r t a t the time of the invention, upon referring to Levine would look to related a r t for similarly aggregating documents to determine what features in such an application would be important. Vale would be among s u c h a r t f o u n d s i n c e V a l e a g g r e g a t e s d o c u m e n t s b y m e a n s o f index entries. In particular, Vale teaches the benefits of a meta index for tracking mUltiple documents. This i s directly analogous to Levine's linked. l i s t for tracking mUltiple documents. Vale teaches the virtues of incorporating verbal keys in such a tracking mechanism.

11.

A p p l i c a n t ' s a r g u m e n t s w i t h r e s p e c t t o c l a i m 31 t o 33 a n d 81

t o 86 h a s b e e n c o n s i d e r e d b u t a r e d e e m e d t o b e m o o t i n v i e w o f t h e new g r o u n d s o f r e j e c t i o n n e c e s s i t a t e d b y a m e n d m e n t f u r t h e r limiting the nature of the cited sample.

Conclusion

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12.

A p p l i c a n t ' s amendment n e c e s s i t a t e d t h e new grounds of A c c o r d i n g l y , THIS ACTION I S MADE F I N A L . Applicant is

rejection.

r e m i n d e d o f t h e e x t e n s i o n o f t i m e p o l i c y a s s e t . f o r t h i n 37 C.F.R.

s

1.136(a).

A SHORTENED STATUTORY PERIOD FOR RESPONSE TO T H I S F I N A L ACTION I S SET TO EXPIRE THREE MONTHS FROM THE DATE OF T H I S ACTION. IN THE EVENT A F I R S T RESPONSE I S F I L E D WITHIN TWO MONTHS OF THE MAILING DATE OF T H I S FINAL ACTION AND THE ADVISORY ACTION I S NOT MAILED UNTIL AFTER THE END OF THE THREE-MONTH SHORTENED STATUTORY P E R I O D , THEN THE SHORTENED STATUTORY PERIOD WILL EXPIRE ON THE DATE THE ADVISORY ACTION I S MAILED, AND ANY EXTENSION FEE PURSUANT TO 37 C . F . R . § 1 . 1 3 6 ( a ) WILL BE CALCULATED FROM THE MAILING DATE OF THE ADVISORY ACTION. IN NO EVENT WILL THE STATUTORY PERIOD FOR RESPONSE EXPIRE LATER THAN S I X MONTHS FROM THE DATE OF T H I S FINAL ACTION.

13.

The p r i o r a r t made of record and not r e l i e d upon i s

considered pertinent to applicant's disclosure.

1 4 . Any i n q u i r y c o n c e r n i n g t h i s c o m m u n i c a t i o n o r e a r l i e r communications from the examiner should be directed to Anton Fetting whose telephone number i s [phone]. The examiner c a n n o r m a l l y b e r e a c h e d o n M o n d a y t h r o u g h T h u r s d a y f r o m 6 : 4 5 AM t o 5 : 1 5 PM. I f attempts to reach the examiner by telephone are unsuccessful, the examiner's supervisor, Heather Herndon, can be reached on [phone]. The fax number for t h i s Group i s [phone]. The fax number for informal communications to t h i s Art unit i s [phone]. Any i n q u i r y of a general n a t u r e or r e l a t i n g t o t h e s t a t u s of t h i s application should be directed to the Group receptionist whose telephone number i s [phone]. AWF 6/7/95

Af
-16-

. HEATHER HERNDON SUPERVISORY PATENT EXAMINER GROUP 2400

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PETITION FOR EXTENSION OF TIME PURSUANT TO 37 C.ER. § 1.136 (a) Sir: A p p l i c a n t respectfully requests a o n e - m o n t h extension of time to file a Response to the Final Office Action. The e x t e n d e d p e r i o d expires on October 12,1995. A c h e c k in the a m o u n t of $110.00 is enclosed to cover the fee for a onem o n t h extension of time. I f any a d d i t i o n a l fee is r e q u i r e d , please c h a r g e D e p o s i t Account No. 02-2666. A duplicate of this Petition is enclosed for d e p o s i t account charging purposes. Respectfully s u b m i t t e d , BLAKELY, SOKOLOFF, TAYLOR & Z A F M A N Dated:

004 /tr/·!nJ--

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Keith G. As off Reg. No. 33,828

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04860.P624C Richard M a n d e r et al.
(inventor(s))

H ; Y}jO :/
/I-~Patent

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Serial No.:
Filed: For:

08/287.108 A u g u s t 8, 1994 M E T H O D AND APPARATUS FOR O R G A N I Z I N G I N F O R M A T I O N IN A C O M P U T E R
(title)

SYSTEM
G r o u p Art U n i t --=2""'-41""'2'-_

Examiner:

Fetting, A.

N O T I C E OF APPEAL F R O M THE EXAMINER TO THE B O A R D OF P A T E N T APPEALS A N D I N T E R F E R E N C E S THE C O M M I S S I O N E R OF PATENTS A N D TRADEMARKS W a s h i n g t o n , D.C. 20231 Sir: A p p l i c a n t s h e r e b y a p p e a l to the B o a r d of P a t e n t A p p e a l s a n d I n t e r f e r e n c e s f r o m t h e d e c i s i o n dated _ J u n e 12, 1995 of the Examiner rejecting claims ----!1~-6~8-:!l861L_ The i t e m ( s ) c h e c k e d b e l o w are a p p r o p r i a t e :
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The f o l l o w i n g is the N o t i c e of A p p e a l fee u n d e r 37 C.F.R § 1.17(e):
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a. o t h e r t h a n s m a l l e n t i t y : b. s m a l l e n t i t y : verified statement attached _ _ _ verified statement was filed

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A p e t i t i o n u n d e r 37 C.F.R. § 1.136(a) for an e x t e n s i o n of t i m e for r e p l y to t h e r e j e c t i o n is e n c l o s e d a~ong w i t h a c h e c k for the fee for the e x t e n s i o n of time. Enclosed is a check in the a m o u n t of $ for t h e N o t i c e of A p p e a l fee.

P l e a s e c h a r g e the N o t i c e of A p p e a l fee to D e p o s i t A c c o u n t N u m b e r 02-2666. A d u p l i c a t e of t h i s s h e e t is e n c l o s e d for D e p o s i t A c c o u n t c h a r g i n g p u r p o s e s .
_X__

I f a n y a d d i t i o n a l fee is r e q u i r e d , p l e a s e c h a r g e D e p o s i t A c c o u n t No. 02-2666. A d u p l i c a t e of t h i s s h e e t is e n c l o s e d for D e p o s i t A c c o u n t c h a r g i n g p u r p o s e s .
BLAKELY S O K O L O F F TAYLOR & Z A F M A N

Date:

orirL6

{I I f f [
I
K e i t h G. A s k o f f Reg.No. 33 828

12400 W i l s h i r e B o u l e v a r d Seventh Floor Los A n g e l e s , C a l i f o r n i a 90025 [phone]

I h e r e b y certify that this correspondence is being deposited w i t h the U n i t e d States 'Postal Service as first class mail w i t h sufficient p o s t a g e in an envelope a d d r e s s e d to the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks, Washington, D.C. 20231
on

O c t o b e r ] 2 ] 995 Date of Deposit Leslie D Rogan < . f f e N a m e of Person Mailing Correspondence

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ey's D o c k e t No.: 0486Q.P624C

Richard M a n d e r et al,
(inventorfs)

SerialNo.:

08/287108

Filed: For:

August8 1994
M E l H O D AND A P P A R A T U S FOR O R G A N I Z I N G I N F O R M A T I O N IN A C O M P U T E R
(title)
---o!I2~411o.=2,---

SYSIEM
G r o u p Art U n i t _

Examiner:

Fetting. A.

N O T I C E OF APPEAL F R O M THE EXAMINER TO THE B O A R D OF P A T E N T APPEALS A N D INTERFERENCES T H E C O M M I S S I O N E R OF PATENTS A N D TRADEMARKS W a s h i n g t o n , D.C. 20231
Sir: A p p l i c a n t s h e r e b y a p p e a l to t h e B o a r d of P a t e n t A p p e a l s a n d I n t e r f e r e n c e s f r o m t h e d e c i s i o n dated June 12 1995 of the Examiner rejecting claims 1-6 8-86 ~. The item(s) checked below are appropriate:
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T h e f o l l o w i n g is t h e N o t i c e of A p p e a l fee u n d e r 37 C.F.R § 1.17(e):
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fee $ 290.00 fee $ 140.00

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A p e t i t i o n u n d e r 37 c.P.R. § 1.136(a) for a n e x t e n s i o n of t i m e for r e p l y to t h e r e j e c t i o n is e n c l o s e d a l o n g w i t h a c h e c k for t h e fee for the e x t e n s i o n of t i m e .

Enclosedis a check in the a m o u n t of $

for t h e N o t i c e of A p p e a l fee.

P l e a s e c h a r g e t h e N o t i c e of A p p e a l fee to D e p o s i t A c c o u n t N u m b e r 02-2666. A d u p l i c a t e of this s h e e t is e n c l o s e d for D e p o s i t A c c o u n t c h a r g i n g p u r p o s e s .
~

I f a n y a d d i t i o n a l fee is r e q u i r e d , p l e a s e c h a r g e D e p o s i t A c c o u n t No. 02-2666. A d u p l i c a t e of this s h e e t is e n c l o s e d for D e p o s i t A c c o u n t c h a r g i n g p u r p o s e s .
BLAKELY SOKOLOFF TAYLOR & Z A F M A N

Date:

oc k 6 (L //VI
K e i t h G. A s k o f f

12400 W i l s h i r e B o u l e v a r d Seventh Floor Los A n g e l e s , C a l i f o r n i a 90025 [phone]

Reg. No.

33.828

I h e r e b y certify t h a t this c o r r e s p o n d e n c e is b e i n g d e p o s i t e d w i t h the U n i t e d S t a t e s 'Postal Service as first class m a i l w i t h sufficient p o s t a g e in an e n v e l o p e a d d r e s s e d to the C o m m i s s i o n e r of Patents and Trademarks, W a s h i n g t o n , D.C. 20231 on

October 12 1995
Leslie D Rogan

4

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D a t e of D e p o s i t
~Name of P e r s o n Mailing C o r r e s p o n d e n c e

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60.P624C
IN THE U N I T E D S T A T E S P A T E N T AND T R A D E M A R K O F F I C E

3. (/(),/
/

~Q D,

e Application of: Richard Mander, et al. Serial No.: 0 8 / 2 8 7 , 1 0 8 Filed: A u g u s t 8, 1 9 9 4

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7'v

Examiner: Fetting, Art Unit: 2412

) ) )
) )

For: M e t h o d And A p p a r a t u s For Organizing Information In A C o m p u t e r System

---------------)
INFORMATION DISCLOSURE STATEMENT C o m m i s s i o n e r of P a t e n t s and T r a d e m a r k s W a s h i n g t o n , D.C. 20231 Sir: P u r s u a n t to 37 C.F.R. 1.97, Applicant hereby provides a listing on PTO Form 1449 of references and encloses a copy of the references cited on the a b o v e referenced form. W h i l e this statement is being submitted as a m e a n s to c o m p l y with 37 C F R 1.97, it is not to be construed as an admission that the material identified a b o v e r e p r e s e n t s material prior art to Applicant's invention.

I..

Very truly yours, BLAKELV, SOKOLOFF, T A Y L O R & Z A F M A N

~
.

es C. Scheller, Jr. ego No. 3 1 , 1 9 5

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1 2 4 0 0 Wilshire Blvd. Seventh F l o o r Los Angeles, CA 9 0 0 2 5 (408) 7 2 0 - 8 5 9 8

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u.s. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

ATTY. DOCKET NO.

PATENTAND TRADEMARK OFFICE

04860.P624C
APPLICANT

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Sheet

1

of

1

SERIAL NO.

08/287,108

INFORMATION DISCLOSURE CITATION
(Use s e v e r a l sheets if necessary)

Richard Mander, et al.
FILING DATE

GROUP

08/08/94

2412

U.S. PATENT
'EXAMINER INITIAL DOCUMENT NUMBER DATE

DOCUME~

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CLASS

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FILING DATE IF APPROPRIATE

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FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
DOCUMENT NUMBER DATE COUNTRY CLASS SUBCLASS TRANSLATION YES NO

OTHER DOCUMENTS (IncludingAuthor, Title, Date, Pertinent Pages, Etc.)

EXAMINER

DATE CONSIDERED

"EXAMINER: Initial if citation considered, whether or not citation is in conformance with MPEP 609; Draw line through citation if not in conformance and not considered. Include copy of this form with next communication to applicant.

724 FH 266 APMW0025577

II ;1
o r n e y ' s D o c k e t No.: 0048609.P624C

IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE In Re Application of: Richard Mander, et al. Serial No: Filed: For: 08/287,108 A u g u s t 8, 1994
M E T H O D A N D APPARATUS FOR O R G A N I Z I N G INFORMATION IN A COMPUTER SYSTEM

Examiner: Art Unit:

A. Fetting 2301

I hereby certify that thIs correspondence Is beIng deposited wltb theUnited States Postal Service 8S first class mall with sufficient
tI

postaae In an envelope addressed to the Commissioner of Patents end Tradel1llrks, Washlnaton. D.C. 20231.

MCM/Ch-L£.SlA

\d-; lC(q(P

J> . R.o @n

Date of Deposit. ~

C o m m i s s i o n e r of Patents a n d Trademarks VVashington, D.C. 20231 PETITION FOR EXTENSION OF TIME PURSUANT TO 37 C.F.R. § 1.136 (a) Sir: A p p l i c a n t respectfully requests a t h r e e - m o n t h extension of time to file the A p p e a l Brief to the Notice of Appeal. The extended p e r i o d expires on March 12, 1996. A check in the a m o u n t of $900.00 is enclosed to cover the fee for a threem o n t h extension of time. I f any a d d i t i o n a l fee is required, please charge Deposit Account No. 02-2666. A duplicate of this Petition is enclosed for d e p o s i t account c h a r g i n g p u r p o s e s . Respectfully s u b m i t t e d , BLAKELY, SOKOLOFF, TAYLOR & ZAFMAN Dated:
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12400 Wilshire Blvd. S e v e n t h Floor Los Angeles, CA 90025-1026 [phone]

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--724 FH 267 APMW0025578

PATENT
IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE BOARD OF PATENT APPEALS AND INTERFERENCES
I n Re A p p l i c a t i o n of :

Richard M a n d e r , et al. Serial No.: 08/287,108 Filed: A u g u s t 8, 1994 For: METHOD A N D APPARATUS FOR ORGANIZING INFORMATION IN A COMPUTER SYSTEM

Examiner: Art Unit:

A. F e t t i n g 2301

I lIereby certify tIIat tills CCln'espondence Is being deposited wltfl tile United States Postal Service as first class mail with sufficient postage In an envelope addressed to the Commissioner of Patents Ind Trademarks, Washington, D.C. 20231.

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Mwc&

APPEAL BRIEF IN SUPPORT OF APPELLANTS' APPEAL TO THE BOARD OF PATENT APPEALS AND INTERFERENCES

„

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L-~SL,..\1;; J>.

Dat, of Deposit
Malllnl

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H o n . C o m m i s s i o n e r of Patents a n d Trademarks W a s h i n g t o n , DC 20231

D e a r Sir: The A p p e l l a n t s h e r e b y s u b m i t this Brief in triplicate in s u p p o r t of t h e i r a p p e a l from a final decision by the Examiner, m a i l e d June 12, 1995, in t h e abovec a p t i o n e d case. The A p p e l l a n t s respectfully r e q u e s t c o n s i d e r a t i o n of this a p p e a l by the Board of P a t e n t A p p e a l s a n d Interferences for allowance of the abovec a p t i o n e d p a t e n t application.

Serial No. 08/287,108 Examiner: A. Fetting

-1-

APPEAL BRIEF Art U n i t 2301

- - - - ..

_--------_._-~._.

__

.---_._----

724 FH 268 APMW0025579

TABLE OF C O N T E N T S
I. R E A L P A R T Y IN I N T E R E S T 5

II. STATUS OF T H E C L A I M S

5

ITI. S U M M A R Y OF I N V E N T I O N

6

IV. ISSUES

9

V. G R O U P I N G OF C L A I M S

9

VI. A R G U M E N T
A. LEVINE FAILS TO ANTICIPATE THE CLAIMS
1. ORGAN1ZAT10N _·._ _

10 11
11

a. LEVINE FAILS TO DISCLOSE THE FUNCTION OR STEP OF DETERMINING AN INTERNAL COLLECTIVE REPRESENTATION BASED ON AN INTERNAL REPRESENTATION OF THE DOCUMENTS OF A COLLECTION AS RECITED IN CLAIM 66 b.: LEVINE FAILS TO DISCLOSE THE STEP OF DETERMINING AT LEAST ONE OF AN INTERNAL COLLECTIVE REPRESENTATION OR A USER DEFINED SPECIFICATION AS RECITED IN CLAIM 73 c. LEVINE FAILS TO DISCLOSE THE STEP OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM CREATING A COLLECTION OF DOCUMENTS AS VARIOUSLYRECITED IN CLAIMS 31, 33, 8 0 , 4 , AND 63. d. LEVINE FAILS TO DISCLOSE THE STEP OF DETERMINING A FURTHER INTERNAL COLLECTIVE REPRESENTATIONWHEN A NEW DOCUMENT IS ADDED TO AN EXISTING COLLECTION OF DOCUMENTSAS RECITED IN CLAIMS 37 AND 79 17 15 14

12

e. LEVINE FAILS TO DISCLOSE THE STEP OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM INDICATING TO
THE USER THAT A DOCUMENT SELECTEDFOR ADDITIONTO A COLLECTION OF DOCUMENTS HAS AN INTERNAL REPRESENTATION THAT DOES NOT MATCH THE INTERNAL COLLECTIVE REPRESENTATION OF THE COLLECTIONAS RECITED IN CLAIMS 61, 36, AND 78

19

Serial No. 08/287,108 Examiner: A. Fetting

-2-

APPEAL BRIEF Art U n i t 2301

724 FH 269 APMW0025580

f. LEVINE FAILS TO DISCLOSE THAT THE INTERNAL REPRESENTATIONS OF

DOCUMENTS ARE USED TO DETERMINE RELEVANCY COMPARISONS BETWEENA DOCUMENT AND A COLLECTION OF DOCUMENTS AS RECITED IN CLAIM 41.
g. LEVINE FAILS TO DISCLOSE THE STEP OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEMADDING NEW

21

DOCUMENTS TO A COLLECTION BASED ON A USER DEFINED SPECIFICATION AS RECITED IN CLAIM 59 h. LEVINE FAILS TO DISCLOSE THE STEP OF THE COMPUTER SYSTEM ADDING NEW DOCUMENTS TO A COLLECTION BASED ON A COMPARISON BETWEENTHE INTERNAL REPRESENTATION OF A DOCUMENT AND A USER DEFINED SPECIFICATION AS RECITED IN CLAIM 60 22 21

2. D I S P L A y

22

a. LEVINE FAILSTO DISCLOSE THE STEP OF VIEWING AN INDICIA OF A DOCUMENTIN
RESPONSETO SELECTING A DOCUMENT FROM THE GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE COLLECTION OF DOCUMENTS AS RECITED IN CLAIM 1... 23

b. LEVINE FAILS TO DISCLOSE THE STEP OF VIEWING A DOCUMENT BY POSITIONING A CURSOR ON THE GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF A COLLECTION OF DOCUMENTS TO REVEAL AN INDICIA OF THE DOCUMENT AS RECITEDIN CLAIMS45 AND 17 25

c. LEVINE FAILS TO DISCLOSE THE STEP OF CONCURRENTLY DISPLAYING AN INDICIA
OF A DOCUMENTWITHIN A COLLECTION AND A GRAPHICAL ICONIC REPRESENTATION OF THE COLLECTION OF DOCUMENTS AS RECITED IN CLAIMS46 AND 18 d. LEVINE FAILS TO DISCLOSE THE STEP OF DISPLAYING A MEANS FOR INDICATING THE LOCATION OF A SELECTED DOCUMENT WITHINTHE GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE COLLECTION WHENTHE INDICIAOF THE DOCUMENT IS DISPLAYED AS RECITEDIN CLAIMS 47 AND 19 27 26

e. LEVINE FAILS TO DISCLOSE THE STEP OF SELECTING A SELECTIVEVIEWING MODE

AS RECITEDIN CLAIM 52

28

Serial No. 08/287,108 Examiner: A. F e t t i n g

-3-

APPEAL BRIEF Art U n i t 2301
--

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f. LEVINE FAILS TO DISCLOSE THAT THE INDICIA OF THE DOCUMENT SELECTEDFOR

DISPLAY HAS MULTIPLE PAGES THAT THE USER MAY VIEW AS RECITEDIN CLAIM 24

28

B THE COMBINATION OF VALE AND LEVINE FAILS TO RENDER THE PENDING CLAIMS THE OBVIOUS 29

C. THE COMBINATION OF NICOL AND LEVINE FAILS TO RENDER THE CLAIMS 81-86 OBVIOUS D. REED FAILS TO RENDER CLAIMS 31-33 OBVIOUS E. CLAIMS 81-86 ARE SUFFICIENTLY DEFINITEFOR THE PURPOSES OF 35 U.S.C. §
112, SECOND PARAGRAPH 38 31 34

VII. CONCLUSION

40

VIII. APPENDIX A

41

Serial No. 08/287,108 Examiner: A. F e t t i n g

-4-

APPEAL BRIEF A r t U n i t 2301

724 FH 271 APMW0025582

1

I. REAL PARTY IN INTEREST
The real p a r t y in interest is APPLE COMPUTER, INC., a c o r p o r a t i o n of CALIFORNIA h a v i n g a principle place of business at 1 Infinite Loop, C u p e r t i n o , CA 95014.

2 3 4 5
6

II. S T A T U S OF THE CLAIMS
Claims 1-6 and 8-86 are currently pending. Claim 7 has b e e n canceled. Claims 1-6 and 8-86 currently s t a n d rejected by the Examiner u n d e r the Final Office Action mailed June 12, 1995. Claims 81-86 s t a n d rejected u n d e r 35 U.S.c. § 112, second p a r a g r a p h , as b e i n g indefinite for failing to particularly p o i n t o u t and distinctly claim the subject m a t t e r w h i c h applicants regard as the invention. Claims 1-6, 11-30,37-68, and 70-80 s t a n d rejected u n d e r 35 U.S.c. § 102(a) and (e) as b e i n g anticipated by U.S. P a t e n t No. 5,060,135, issued of Levine et al. ("Levine"). Claims 1-6,8-30, and 34-80 s t a n d rejected u n d e r 35 U.S.c. § 103 as b e i n g u n p a t e n t a b l e in view of the combination of Levine and U.S. P a t e n t No. 5,247,437, i s s u e d of Vale et al. ("Vale"). Claims 81-86 s t a n d rejected u n d e r 35 U.S.c. § 103 as b e i n g u n p a t e n t a b l e in v i e w of the combination of Levine and U.S. Patent No. 5,287,448, i s s u e d of Nicol et al. ("Nicol"). Claims 31-33 s t a n d rejected u n d e r 35 U.S.c. § 103 as being u n p a t e n t a b l e over U.S. P a t e n t No. 5,241,671, issued of Reed et al. ("Reed").

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Serial No. 08/287,108 Examiner: A. Fetting

-5-

APPEAL BRIEF Art U n i t 2301

724 FH 272 APMW0025583

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

III. SUMMARY OF INVENTION
The claimed invention provides a m e t h o d for organizing and d i s p l a y i n g information in a c o m p u t e r system t h a t may be used as a s u b s t i t u t e for t r a d i t i o n a l flat file systems and hierarchical file systems. (Specification at p a g e s 2-5). More specifically, the claimed invention p r o v i d e s a m e t h o d a n d a p p a r a t u s for organizing d o c u m e n t s of the c o m p u t e r system into one or more collections or "piles" of d o c u m e n t s w h e r e i n each collection of documents is d i s p l a y e d u s i n g a graphical representation such as an icon, and w h e r e i n a u s e r may b r o w s e i n d i v i d u a l documents of a collection of documents w i t h o u t r e m o v i n g the d o c u m e n t s from the collection. The claimed invention also p r o v i d e s an a p p a r a t u s t h a t implements the novel method. The act of organizing documents into a collection may be p e r f o r m e d by a u s e r i n d i v i d u a l l y selecting documents for inclusion. (Specification at p a g e 18, line 16 to p a g e 20, line 12; Figure 3 of the Drawings). Alternatively, the filing s y s t e m of the c o m p u t e r system can automatically create collections in v i e w of the similarity of d o c u m e n t s based u p o n i n h e r e n t characteristics of the d o c u m e n t s or user-defined criteria. (Specification at p a g e 57, line 1 to p a g e 60, line 15; Figures 17, 18a, and 18b of the Drawings). The ability of the filing system to automatically organize d o c u m e n t s into collections is enabled, for one embodiment, t h r o u g h the use of internal representations, s u c h as vectors, associated w i t h each document. (Specification, p a g e 49, line 22 to p a g e 55, line 23; Figure 15 of the Drawings). An internal r e p r e s e n t a t i o n is b a s e d on the contents of its associated document, a n d the filing s y s t e m may c o m p u t e an internal representation by d e t e r m i n i n g the frequency of selected w o r d s w i t h i n the document. (Specification at p a g e 50, lines 15-23). W h e n a collection of documents is created, a collective internal r e p r e s e n t a t i o n b a s e d on the internal representations of the documents of the collection is Serial No. 08/287,108 Examiner: A. Fetting APPEAL BRIEF Art U n i t 2301

-6-

724 FH 273 APMW0025584

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

created. (Specification, p a g e 53, line 22 to page 54, line 7; Figure 15 of the Drawings). The filing system can automatically create a collection of d o c u m e n t s by c o m p a r i n g the internal representation of a user-provided s a m p l e d o c u m e n t to o t h e r d o c u m e n t s and collecting together those documents h a v i n g a reasonable degree of similarity. (Specification at p a g e 58, line 26 to p a g e 59, line 8; Figure 17 of the Drawings). Similarly, the filing system can determine w h e t h e r a selected d o c u m e n t s h o u l d be a d d e d to an existing collection by c o m p a r i n g the i n t e r n a l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of the selected document to the internal collective r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of the collection. (Specification at p a g e 57, line 1 to p a g e 58, line 24; Figure 17 of the Drawings). According to an alternative embodiment, a collection of d o c u m e n t s m a y be created by c o m p a r i n g documents to a user defined specification s u c h as a script t h a t includes a list of w o r d s or o t h e r criteria selected by the user. (Specification, p a g e 45, line 9 to page 49, line 20; Figure 14 of the Drawings). Similarly, the filing system can determine w h e t h e r a selected d o c u m e n t s h o u l d be a d d e d to an existing collection by comparing the selected d o c u m e n t to the script. (Specification at p a g e 59, lines 10-14; Figure 17 of the Drawings). A n o t h e r feature of the p r e s e n t invention is the m a n n e r in w h i c h a u s e r is allowed to b r o w s e t h r o u g h the documents in a pile. (Specification at p a g e 20, line 19 to p a g e 28, line 18; Figures 4a-4m of the Drawings). For example, a u s e r m a y v i e w an indicia of a d o c u m e n t w i t h i n a collection of documents--regardless of the position of the d o c u m e n t w i t h i n the collection-- by p o i n t i n g to a p o s i t i o n of the graphical representation for the collection t h a t corresponds to the d e s i r e d document. For one embodiment, the graphical representation of a collection of d o c u m e n t comprises a "pile" of documents t h a t is dynamically altered as d o c u m e n t s are a d d e d to or removed from the pile, and the icon for each d o c u m e n t in the pile may be selected by positioning the cursor over the icon in Serial No. 08/287,108 Examiner: A. Fetting APPEAL BRIEF Art U n i t 2301

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the pile. (Specification at p a g e 15, line 1 to p a g e 16, line 9; Figures 4a-4e of the Drawings). For an alternative embodiment, the graphical representation of the pile does not change as documents are a d d e d to and r e m o v e d from the collection, and a d o c u m e n t in the pile may be selected b a s e d on a m a p p i n g of the h e i g h t position of the cursor relative to the total height of the graphical representation. (Specification at page 16, lines 10-18). A u s e r may "ruffle" t h r o u g h the documents of the pile and display indicia of the d o c u m e n t s as the u s e r "ruffles" by m o v i n g the cursor from document to d o c u m e n t w i t h i n the pile. (Specification at p a g e 23, lines 7-16; Figure 4b of the Drawings). For one embodiment, once a d o c u m e n t of a pile is selected, an indicia of the d o c u m e n t is displayed while the graphical representation of the pile r e m a i n s displayed. (Specification at page 20, line 22 to p a g e 21, line 7; Figures 4a-4b of the Drawings). According to one embodiment, an indicia comprises a graphical r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of the first p a g e of a document that is related to the d o c u m e n t ' s position w i t h i n the pile by a means for indicating position s u c h as a v i e w cone h a v i n g its apex p o i n t i n g to the selected document. (Specification at p a g e 21, lines 5-26; Figures 4b, 4c, and 4e of the Drawings). The indicia m i g h t alternatively comprise information regarding the d o c u m e n t that is relevant to the filing s y s t e m s u c h as file size, date of creation, and application p r o g r a m u s e d to create the document. (Specification at p a g e 22, lines 17-21; Figure 4e of the Drawings). Several additional features are disclosed and claimed. These a d d i t i o n a l features will be discussed in view of the p r i o r art in the A r g u m e n t section, below.

Serial No. 08/287,108 Examiner: A. Fetting

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APPEAL BRIEF Art Unit 2301

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IV. ISSUES
The following issues are presented in this appeal: A.
B.

2

3

W h e t h e r L e v i n e a n t i c i p a t e s c l a i m s 1-6, 11-30,37-68, a n d 70-80; W h e t h e r t h e c o m b i n a t i o n of L e v i n e a n d V a l e r e n d e r s c l a i m s 1 - 6 , 8 30, a n d 34-80 o b v i o u s ;

4
5
6
7
8

c.

W h e t h e r t h e c o m b i n a t i o n of L e v i n e a n d N i c o l r e n d e r s c l a i m s 81-86 obvious;

D.
E.

W h e t h e r R e e d r e n d e r s c l a i m s 31-33 o b v i o u s ; a n d W h e t h e r c l a i m s 81-86 a r e i n d e f i n i t e u n d e r 35 U . S . c . § 112, s e c o n d paragraph.

9 10

11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

V. G R O U P I N G OF CLAIMS
F o r t h e p u r p o s e s of t h i s a p p e a l :

· · ·
·

C l a i m s 66-67 s t a n d o r fall t o g e t h e r as C l a i m G r o u p 1; C l a i m s 73-74 s t a n d or fall t o g e t h e r as C l a i m G r o u p 2; C l a i m s 31 a n d 33 s t a n d or fall as C l a i m G r o u p 3; C l a i m s 80 a n d 4 s t a n d or fall as C l a i m G r o u p 4; C l a i m 63 s t a n d s or falls as C l a i m G r o u p 5 C l a i m s 37-40, 4 2 - 4 4 , 4 8 - 5 1 , 5 3 - 5 8 , 6 2 , 6 4 - 6 5 , a n d 68-69 s t a n d o r fall t o g e t h e r as C l a i m G r o u p 6;

· ·

· · ·
·

C l a i m 79 s t a n d s or falls as C l a i m G r o u p 7; C l a i m 61 s t a n d s o r falls as C l a i m G r o u p 8; C l a i m s 78 a n d 36 s t a n d or fall t o g e t h e r as C l a i m G r o u p 9; C l a i m 41 s t a n d s or falls as C l a i m G r o u p 10; C l a i m 59 s t a n d s or falls as C l a i m G r o u p 11; C l a i m 60 s t a n d s or falls as C l a i m G r o u p 12;

·

·

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2

·

C l a i m s 1-3, 5-6, 8-16, 28-30, 34-35, 70-72, a n d 75-77 s t a n d or fall together as C l a i m G r o u p 13;

3
4

5
6

7

· · · · ·
·

C l a i m 45 s t a n d s or falls as C l a i m G r o u p 14; C l a i m 17,21-23, a n d 25-27 s t a n d or fall as C l a i m G r o u p 15; C l a i m 46 s t a n d s or falls as C l a i m G r o u p 16; C l a i m 18 s t a n d s or falls as C l a i m G r o u p 17; C l a i m 47 s t a n d s or falls as C l a i m G r o u p 18; C l a i m s 19-20 s t a n d or fall t o g e t h e r as C l a i m G r o u p 19; C l a i m 52 s t a n d s or falls as C l a i m G r o u p 20; C l a i m 24 s t a n d s or falls as C l a i m G r o u p 21. C l a i m 81 s t a n d s or falls as C l a i m G r o u p 22; C l a i m 82 s t a n d s or falls as C l a i m G r o u p 23; C l a i m 83 s t a n d s or falls as C l a i m G r o u p 24; a n d C l a i m s 84-86 s t a n d or fall t o g e t h e r as C l a i m G r o u p 25. C l a i m s 32 s t a n d s or falls as C l a i m G r o u p 26.

8

9
10

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12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

· · · · · · ·

VI. ARGUMENT
As a p r e l i m i n a r y m a t t e r , t h e A p p e l l a n t s s u b m i t t h a t t h e e x a m i n a t i o n of t h e p r e s e n t u t i l i t y p a t e n t a p p l i c a t i o n h a s b e e n m o r e a k i n to t h e e x a m i n a t i o n of a d e s i g n p a t e n t a p p l i c a t i o n w h e r e i n t h e E x a m i n e r h a s c o m p a r e d t h e f i g u r e s of t h e c i t e d r e f e r e n c e s to t h e f i g u r e s of t h e p r e s e n t a p p l i c a t i o n w i t h o u t r e g a r d to t h e a c t u a l t e a c h i n g s of t h e r e f e r e n c e s or t h e r e c i t e d l i m i t a t i o n s of t h e c l a i m s . To a s s i s t t h e B o a r d in t h i s a p p e a l , the A p p e l l a n t s ' a r g u m e n t s r e s p o n d i n g to e a c h of t h e p r i o r a r t rejections are g e n e r a l l y c a t e g o r i z e d as r e l a t i n g to e i t h e r t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n a l or d i s p l a y i n g a s p e c t of t h e c l a i m e d i n v e n t i o n .

S e r i a l No. 08/287,108 E x a m i n e r : A. F e t t i n g

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A. LEVINE FAILS TO A N T I C I P A T E THE CLAIMS. The A p p e l l a n t s s u b m i t t h a t the Examiner's a p p l i c a t i o n of Levine to t h e claims h a s c o m p l e t e l y i g n o r e d recited l i m i t a t i o n s t h a t relate to t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n a l a s p e c t of t h e i n v e n t i o n . The Examiner has similarly i g n o r e d recited l i m i t a t i o n s r e l a t i n g to t h e d i s p l a y a n d b r o w s i n g of d o c u m e n t s w i t h i n a collection t h a t are n o t d i s c l o s e d by L e v i n e .

1. O R G A N I Z A T I O N As t h e A p p e l l a n t s h a v e p r e v i o u s l y s t a t e d , Levine discloses n o t h i n g m o r e t h a n a " d u m b " s t a c k of s t a m p s w h i c h m a y be t r e a t e d as a g r o u p . Levine discloses t h a t a n a l i g n e d s t a c k of s t a m p s 70 m a y be f o r m e d by u s i n g a " t o u c h a n d m o v e " o p e r a t i o n to b r i n g a first s t a m p w i t h i n a p r e d e f i n e d d i s t a n c e of a s e c o n d s t a m p . (Levine, col. 12, lines 25-44; F i g u r e 3 of the D r a w i n g s ) . L a r g e r s t a c k s are f o r m e d by a u s e r p e r f o r m i n g m u l t i p l e "touch a n d move" o p e r a t i o n s . (Levine, col. 12, lines 25-28). T h u s , a n y "organization" or r e l a t i o n s h i p t h a t the s t a m p s of an a l i g n e d s t a c k m a y be s a i d to h a v e w i t h one a n o t h e r is p r o v i d e d b y t h e u s e r w h o creates t h e s t a c k a n d this o r g a n i z a t i o n in Levine is l i m i t e d to t h e m a n n e r in w h i c h the icons are d i s p l a y e d . The s y s t e m disclosed by Levine d o e s use a d o u b l y l i n k e d list 92 for s t o r i n g t h e a t t r i b u t e s of e a c h d a t a s t r u c t u r e d i s p l a y e d in the d e s k v i e w 32. (Levine, col. 25, lines 50-52; F i g u r e 5a of t h e Drawings). Each object to be d i s p l a y e d in t h e d e s k v i e w t h u s h a s a c o r r e s p o n d i n g e n t r y 94 in the d o u b l y l i n k e d list 92 of t h e d e s k d a t a b a s e . The d e s k a p p l i c a t i o n r o u t i n e , in the p r o c e s s of d i s p l a y i n g an object, d e t e r m i n e s t h e a t t r i b u t e s of the object to be m a n i p u l a t e d in t h e d e s k v i e w b y l o o k i n g u p the c o r r e s p o n d i n g e n t r y of l i n k e d list 92, a n d t h e d e s k a p p l i c a t i o n r o u t i n e m a n i p u l a t e s the object as i n d i c a t e d by t h e r e q u e s t e d p r o c e s s a n d t h e a t t r i b u t e s of the object's d a t a s t r u c t u r e . (Levine, cols. 25-29, F i g u r e s 5-7 of t h e Serial No. 08/287,108 Examiner: A. F e t t i n g APPEAL BRIEF A r t U n i t 2301

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drawings.) While the data structure attributes stored in each e n t r y 94 of the linked list 92 may be s a i d to "represent" the data structure indicated by the e n t r y 94, each d a t a s t r u c t u r e is t h a t of an object, such as an icon, to be d i s p l a y e d in the desk view 32, a n d the d a t a structure attributes in e n t r y 94 is not described as b e i n g b a s e d on the contents of the data structure indicated by the e n t r y 94. (Levine, cols. 25-26; Figures Sa, 5b, and 6 of the Drawings). Thus, any "organization" to be f o u n d in the disclosure of linked list 92 of Levine relates o n l y to the m a n n e r in w h i c h icons are displayed. Moreover Levine does not disclose any internal collective r e p r e s e n t a t i o n for a collection of d o c u m e n t s which is b a s e d on the internal r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of d o c u m e n t s in. the collection. There is simply no collective representation for a collection. Each representation in e n t r y 94 is specific for a p a r t i c u l a r object a n d n o t representative of a collection.

a. LEVINE FAILS TO DISCLOSE THE F U N C T I O N OR STEP OF
D E T E R M I N I N G AN INTERNAL COLLECTIVE REPRESENTATION BASED ON AN INTERNAL REPRESENTATION OF THE D O C U M E N T S OF A C O L L E C T I O N AS RECITED IN CLAIM 66.

Claim 66 (Claim G r o u p 1) recites the following limitations:
66. A c o m p u t e r filing system for organizing information in a c o m p u t e r s y s t e m h a v i n g a processor, a bus, and memory for storing information including a p l u r a l i t y of documents, said computer filing system comprising: a d i s p l a y means for p r o d u c i n g a display of graphical representations, said display means coupled to said processor; a cursor control means coupled to said processor, said cursor control m e a n s for controlling the position of a cursor on said display; a switch means for indicating a selection of an object displayed on said display, said switch means coupled to said processor and h a v i n g a first and a s e c o n d position;

Serial No. 08/287,108 Examiner: A. Fetting

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APPEAL BRIEF Art U n i t 2301

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..

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724 FH 279 APMW0025590

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2 3
4

5 6 7
8
9

a graphical representation of a first document and a graphical representation of a second document, said cursor control means and said switch m e a n s b e i n g used with said graphical representations of said first and said second documents, which are displayed on said display means, to create a collection of documents comprising said first and said second documents; a means for creating a graphical representation of said collection of documents comprising said first and said second document; and a means for determining an internal collective representation of said collection said means for determining providing a collective representation b a s e d on an internal representation of said first and said second documents.

10
11

The Examiner has asserted that Figures 5 and 6 of Levine disclose a "means for determining . . . an internal collective representation b a s e d on the internal representation" of the documents in a collection. The disclosure of Levine reveals t h a t the linked list 92 (shown in Figure 5) is m a n i p u l a t e d by a function (detailed in Figure 6) t h a t stores entries r e g a r d i n g icons t h a t are d i s p l a y e d in the desk view 32. There is no disclosure in Levine t h a t an e n t r y 94 for an icon in the linked list 92 is based on the contents of the d o c u m e n t r e p r e s e n t e d by the icon. Moreover Levine does not disclose any internal collective r e p r e s e n t a t i o n for a collection of documents which is b a s e d on the internal r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of d o c u m e n t s in the collection. There is simply no collective representation for a collection. Each representation in entry 94 is specific for a p a r t i c u l a r object a n d n o t representative of a collection. Therefore, the linked list 92 and its component entries 94 do not disclose the m e a n s for d e t e r m i n i n g an internal collective representation, a n d Levine fails to anticipate claim 66. Claim 67 d e p e n d s from and incorporates the limitations of claim 66.

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Serial No. 08/287,108 Examiner: A. Fetting

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b. LEVINE FAILS TO DISCLOSE THE STEP OF D E T E R M I N I N G AT LEAST O N E OF AN INTERNAL COLLECTIVE REPRESENTATION OR A USER DEFINED S P E C I F I C A T I O N AS RECITED IN CLAIM 73. C l a i m 73 (Claim G r o u p 2) recites the following limitations:
73. A m e t h o d for organizing i n f o r m a t i o n in a c o m p u t e r s y s t e m h a v i n g a d i s p l a y device, said m e t h o d comprising: d e t e r m i n i n g an internal r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of each d o c u m e n t in a p l u r a l i t y of d o c u m e n t s each said i n t e r n a l representation b e i n g b a s e d on the c o n t e n t of the c o r r e s p o n d i n g d o c u m e n t · c r e a t i n g a collection of d o c u m e n t s comprising said p l u r a l i t y of d o c u m e n t s ; d e t e r m i n i n g at least one of a first i n t e r n a l collective r e p r e s e n t a t i o n or a first u s e r d e f i n e d specification for said collection said first i n t e r n a l collective r e p r e s e n t a t i o n b e i n g b a s e d on said i n t e r n a l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of each of said p l u r a l i t y of documents; a n d d i s p l a y i n g a v i s u a l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of said collection of d o c u m e n t s .

The A p p e l l a n t s note t h a t claim 73 recites a step of " d e t e r m i n i n g an i n t e r n a l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n for each d o c u m e n t in a p l u r a l i t y of documents" a n d a s t e p of " d e t e r m i n i n g at l e a s t one of a first i n t e r n a l collective r e p r e s e n t a t i o n or a first u s e r d e f i n e d specification." Therefore, the above r e m a r k s m a d e w i t h r e s p e c t to c l a i m 66 also a p p l y to claim 73 a n d are h e r e b y i n c o r p o r a t e d by reference. The A p p e l l a n t s also s u b m i t t h a t Levine fails to disclose t h e o p t i o n of d e t e r m i n i n g a "first u s e r defined specification," a n d the E x a m i n e r h a s n o t a t t e m p t e d to a p p l y Levine to this a d d i t i o n a l limitation. The A p p e l l a n t s t h e r e f o r e s u b m i t t h a t claim 73 is n o t anticipated by Levine. C l a i m 74 d e p e n d s from a n d i n c o r p o r a t e s the limitations of claim 73

Serial No. 08/287,108 E x a m i n e r : A. F e t t i n g

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APPEAL BRIEF Art U n i t 2301

724 FH 281 APMW0025592

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c. LEVINE FAILS TO D I S C L O S E THE STEP OF THE C O M P U T E R

SYSTEM C R E A T I N G A C O L L E C T I O N OF D O C U M E N T S AS V A R I O U S L Y RECITED IN C L A I M S 3 1 , 3 3 , 8 0 , 4 , A N D 63. C l a i m 31 (Claim G r o u p 3) recites the following limitations:
31. A m e t h o d for o r g a n i z i n g information in a c o m p u t e r filing s y s t e m h a v i n g a d i s p l a y device a n d a first p l u r a l i t y of documents, said m e t h o d comprising: d i s p l a y i n g at some time on said d i s p l a y device a g r a p h i c a l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of a first d o c u m e n t ; said c o m p u t e r s y s t e m creating a collection of d o c u m e n t s c o m p r i s i n g at least a second d o c u m e n t and said first d o c u m e n t w h e r e i n said step of c r e a t i n g a collection comprises indicating to said c o m p u t e r s y s t e m t h a t a collection of d o c u m e n t s is to be created u s i n g said first dOcument as a s a m p l e d o c u m e n t for said collection of d o c u m e n t a n d w h e r e i n said c o m p u t e r s y s t e m s e a r c h e s said first p l u r a l i t y of d o c u m e n t s b a s e d on said first d o c u m e n t to find s a i d second document· a n d d i s p l a y i n g a graphical r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of said collection on s a i d d i s p l a y device.

F i g u r e 6 of Levine, w h i c h the E x a m i n e r h a s a s s e r t e d as d i s c l o s i n g c l a i m 31, m e r e l y s h o w s t h e p r o c e s s u n d e r t a k e n by a s u p e r v i s o r t a s k 15 t h a t is r e s p o n s i b l e for m a i n t a i n i n g the d i s p l a y of d e s k v i e w 32. (Levine, col. 26, l i n e s 2831). T h e "ADD DOCUMENT" box of F i g u r e 6 of Levine a p p e a r s to r e l a t e to d i s p l a y i n g a n e w icon a n d g e n e r a t i n g a c o r r e s p o n d i n g e n t r y for d e s k list 92 w h e n a n e w d o c u m e n t is a d d e d to the s y s t e m desk. (Levine, col. 26/ l i n e s 32-59) The ADD D O C U M E N T f u n c t i o n w o u l d a p p e a r to be p e r f o r m e d o n l y w h e n a n e w d o c u m e n t is a d d e d to the d e s k v i e w , n o t w h e n a s t a m p r e p r e s e n t i n g a d o c u m e n t is a d d e d to a s t a c k of s t a m p s . This c o n c l u s i o n r e s u l t s f r o m t h e o b s e r v a t i o n t h a t a s t a m p m u s t first exist for the s t a m p to be a d d e d to a s t a c k of s t a m p s b e c a u s e s t a c k s are c r e a t e d by p o s i t i o n i n g o n e s t a m p o v e r a n o t h e r s t a m p . (Levine, col. 12, l i n e s 25-44). Therefore, c o n t r a r y to t h e E x a m i n e r ' s i m p l i e d a s s e r t i o n , t h e A D D D O C U M E N T f u n c t i o n of s u p e r v i s o r t a s k 15 is n o t d i s c l o s e d as o r g a n i z i n g a p l u r a l i t y of d o c u m e n t s i n t o a collection of d o c u m e n t s , a n d t h e o n l y m e t h o d for f o r m i n g a collection or s t a c k of s t a m p s d i s c l o s e d b y L e v i n e is for Serial No. 08/287,108 Examiner: A. F e t t i n g A P P E A L BRIEF A r t U n i t 2301

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the u s e r to p e r f o r m m u l t i p l e "touch a n d move" operations. Also, claim 31 r e q u i r e s t h a t .tl:J£. c o m p u t e r s y s t e m create the collection by u s i n g t h e first d o c u m e n t ( w h i c h exists) to search for the s e c o n d d o c u m e n t ( w h i c h exists) to create the collection. This feature is totally a b s e n t from Levine. Thus, Levine fails to a n t i c i p a t e claim 31 or claim 33. C l a i m 80 (Claim G r o u p 4), w h i c h u l t i m a t e l y d e p e n d s from claim 73, recites t h e following similar limitation:
80.

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9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
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A m e t h o d as in claim 75 f u r t h e r comprising: c r e a t i n g a p l u r a l i t y of collections of d o c u m e n t s from s a i d collection of d o c u m e n t s b y c o m p a r i n g said i n t e r n a l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of each of s a i d d o c u m e n t s in s a i d collection of d o c u m e n t s w i t h an i n t e r n a l collective r e p r e s e n t a t i o n for e a c h of s a i d p l u r a l i t y of collections

C l a i m 80 d o e s n o t r e q u i r e the s y s t e m to use a s a m p l e d o c u m e n t a n d is t h e r e f o r e s e p a r a t e l y p a t e n t a b l e from the claims in Claim G r o u p 3. C l a i m 4 of C l a i m G r o u p 4, w h i c h d e p e n d s from claim I, recites a similar l i m i t a t i o n as claim 80 a n d is similarly n o t anticipated by Levine. Levine fails to disclose a c o m p a r i s o n of t h e i n t e r n a l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of each of the d o c u m e n t s in the collection of d o c u m e n t s w i t h an i n t e r n a l collective r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of e a c h collection. F u r t h e r m o r e , Levine fails to disclose creating a p l u r a l i t y of collections of d o c u m e n t s from it collection of d o c u m e n t s in the m a n n e r claimed. C l a i m 63 (Claim G r o u p 5), w h i c h u l t i m a t e l y d e p e n d s from claim 37, recites the following s i m i l a r limitation:
63. A m e t h o d as in claim 38 f u r t h e r c o m p r i s i n g c r e a t i n g a p l u r a l i t y of collections of d o c u m e n t s from said collection of d o c u m e n t s by c o m p a r i n g an i n t e r n a l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n m a i n t a i n e d by said c o m p u t e r s y s t e m for each d o c u m e n t i n s a i d collection w i t h an i n t e r n a l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n c r e a t e d by said c o m p u t e r s y s t e m for each of said collections of documents.

26 27 28 29 30

C l a i m 63 is p a t e n t a b l e at least for the s a m e reasons g i v e n for claim 80 (in C l a i m G r o u p 4) above. Claim 63 also incorporates the limitations of claim 37 a n d is p a t e n t a b l e also for the reasons g i v e n for claim 37. For the r e a s o n s d i s c u s s e d in

Serial No. 08/287,108 E x a m i n e r : A. F e t t i n g

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the i m m e d i a t e l y following section, claim 37 recites an a d d i t i o n a l l i m i t a t i o n t h a t is n o t recited or i n c o r p o r a t e d by claims 4 and 80. Therefore, claim 63 recites a distinct combination of elements from Claim G r o u p s 3 a n d 4 a n d is s e p a r a t e l y p a t e n t a b l e for this reason.

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5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
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d. LEVINE FAILS TO DISCLOSE THE STEP OF D E T E R M I N I N G A FURTHER INTERNAL COLLECTIVE REPRESENTATION W H E N A NEW D O C U M E N T IS A D D E D TO AN EXISTING COLLECTION OF D O C U M E N T S AS RECITED IN CLAIMS 37 A N D 79. Claim 37 (Claim G r o u p 6) recites the following limitations:
37. A m e t h o d for o r g a n i z i n g i n f o r m a t i o n in a c o m p u t e r s y s t e m h a v i n g a d i s p l a y device, said m e t h o d comprising: d i s p l a y i n g at some time on said d i s p l a y device a r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of a first d o c u m e n t a n d a r e p r e s e n t a t i o n of a second d o c u m e n t ;

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c r e a t i n g a collection of d o c u m e n t s comprising said first a n d said s e c o n d documents; d e t e r m i n i n g for said collection Qfd o c u m e n t s at least one Qf (a) an i n t e r n a l cQllectiye r e p r e s e n t a t i o n Qr (2) a first u s e r d e f i n e d specification. w h e r e i n s a i d i n t e r n a l collective r e p r e s e