Motorola Mobility, Inc. v. Apple, Inc.

Filing 94

NOTICE by Motorola Mobility, Inc. of Filing Brief on Claim Construction (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit, # 2 Exhibit, # 3 Exhibit, # 4 Exhibit, # 5 Exhibit, # 6 Exhibit, # 7 Exhibit, # 8 Exhibit, # 9 Exhibit, # 10 Exhibit, # 11 Exhibit, # 12 Exhibit, # 13 Exhibit, # 14 Exhibit, # 15 Exhibit, # 16 Exhibit, # 17 Exhibit, # 18 Exhibit, # 19 Exhibit, # 20 Exhibit, # 21 Exhibit, # 22 Exhibit, # 23 Exhibit, # 24 Exhibit, # 25 Exhibit, # 26 Exhibit, # 27 Exhibit, # 28 Exhibit, # 29 Exhibit, # 30 Exhibit, # 31 Affidavit)(Giuliano, Douglas)

Exhibit 15
to Motorola’s Opening Claim Construction Brief
July 28, 2011

MICROSOFT PRESS®

COMPUTER
DICTIONARY
SECOND EDITION
•
• •

THE COMPREHENSIVE
•

STANDARD FOR
•

BUSINESS, SCHOOL,
LIBRARY, AND HOME
Microsoft
P

R

II

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PUBLISHED BY
Microsoft Press
A Division of Microsoft Corporation
One Microsoft Way
Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
Copyright © 1994 by Microsoft Press
All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Microsoft Press computer dictionary : the comprehensive standard for
business, school, library, and home / Microsoft Press. -- 2nd ed.
ISBN 1 55615 597 2
1. Computers--Dictionaries. 2. Microcomputers--Dictionaries.
I. Microsoft Press. II, Title: Computer dictionary.
QA76.15.M54 1993
004'. 03- -dc20
93-29868
. CEP •
-

-

-

Printed and bound in the United States of America.
5 6 7 8 9 MLML 9 8 7 6 5
Distributed to the book trade in Canada by Macmillan of Canada, a division of Canada
Publishing Corporation.
Distributed to the book trade outside the United States and Canada by
Penguin Books Ltd.
Penguin Books Ltd., Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England
Penguin Books Australia Ltd., Ringwood, Victoria, Australia
Penguin Books N.Z. Ltd., 182-190 Wairau Road, Auckland 10, New Zealand
British Cataloging-in-Publication Data available.

Project Editor: Casey D. Doyle
Manuscript Editor: Alice Copp Smith
Technical Editors: Mary DeJong, Jeff Carey, Dail Magee, Jr., Jim Fuchs, Seth McEvoy

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label An identifier. A label can be a physical item,

such as a stick-on tag used to identify disks and
other computer equipment. It can also be a word,
symbol, or other group of characters used to
identify a file, a storage medium, an element defined in a computer program, or a specific item in
a document such as a spreadsheet or a chart.
In data storage, for example, a label can be a
name or other group of characters by which the
operating system identifies a floppy disk or part
of a hard disk, such as the names of volumes on
the Apple Macintosh, IBM PCs, and related
microcomputers.
In programming, a label is a name or other
group of characters that identifies a variable or a
part of a program. For example, a GOTO statement in BASIC in the form GOTO clothis tells the
program to find a line labeled dothis and carry
out the instructions that follow.
In a spreadsheet, a label is a descriptive name;
such as Income or Expense, that identifies a
group of cells, a named value, or a formula. In a
chart, too, a label is a word, name, or number that
identifies a data point on an axis in a graph. See
also identifier.
lag The time difference between two events. In
electronics, a lag is a delay between a change in
input and a change in output.
On computer displays, a lag (also called persistence) is a fading brightness left on the phosphor coating of the screen after an image changes.
See also persistence.
LAN Rhymes with "can." Acronym for local area
network, a group of computers and other devices
dispersed over a relatively limited area and con-

nected by a communications link that enables
any device io interact with any other on the network. LANs commonly include microcomputers
and shared (often expensive) resources such as
laser printers and large hard disks. Most (modem) LANs can support a wide variety of computers and other devices. Each device must use the
proper physical and data-link protocols for the
particular LAN, and all devices that want to communicate with each other on the LAN must 'use
the same upper-level communications protocol.
Although single LANs are geographically limited
(to a department or to an office building, for example), separate LANs can be connected to form
larger networks. Similar LANs are linked by
bridges, which act as transfer points between networks; dissimilar LANs are linked by gateways,
which both transfer data and convert it according
to the protocols used by the receiving network.
The devices on a LAN are known as nodes,
and the nodes are connected by cabling through
which messages are transmitted. Types of cables
include twisted-pair wiring, coaxial cable, and
fiber-optic (light-transmitting) cable. Nodes on a
LAN can be wired together in any of three basic
topologies, known as bus, ring, and star. As implied by their names, a bus network is more or
less linear, a ring network forms a loop, and a star
network radiates from a central hub.
To avoid potential collisions when two or
more nodes attempt to transmit at the same time,
LANs use either contention and collision detection or token passing to regulate traffic. See
also baseband network, broadband network, bus
network, collision detection, communications

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2004/004
laser

landscape mode

developed by Microsoft Corporation and distributed by Microsoft, IBM (as IBM LAN Server), and
other original equipment manufacturers (OEMs).
LAN Manager connects computers running the
MS-DOS, OS/2, and UNIX operating systems and
allows users to share files and system resources
such as hard disks and printers and to run distributed applications using a client-server architecture. See also client-server architecture.
laptop computer See portable computer.
large model A memory model of the Intel 80x86
processor family. The large model allows 'both
code and data to exceed 64 kilobytes (KB), but
the total of both must generally be less than 1
megabyte (MB). Each data structure must be less
than 64 KB in size. See also memory model.
large-scale integration Abbreviated LSI, A term
describing the concentration of between 100 and
5000 circuit elements on a single chip. See also
integrated circuit.
laser Originally LASER, an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation,
now a word in its own right. A device that utilizes
certain quantum effects to produce coherent light
in the visible, infrared, or ultraviolet ranges.
Coherent light has a single frequency and phase,
in sharp contrast to normal, noncoherent
which, even if it appears to be a single color, consists of multiple frequencies and random phase
combinations. Noncoherent light can be likened
to a mob of people rushing pell-mell down a
street, whereas coherent light is more like a
group of soldiers marching in formation and in
step. Collimated laser light (as from a laser tube
rather than a laser diode) travels with greater efficiency than noncoherent light because the beam
diverges only slightly as it travels. The laser effect
can be obtained in many different kinds of materials--gas, liquid, and solid. Early lasers used a
ruby crystal; many modem commercially available lasers use a mixture of helium and neon
gases. Lasers come in a wide range of power outputs. For example, low-power lasers are used for
fiber-optic communication, laser printers, and
distance measurement. High-power lasers are
used in surgery, welding, drilling, and weaponry.

protocol, contention, CSMA/CD, network, ring network, star network, token bus network, token
passing, token ring network.
landscape mode A horizontal print orientation in
which text or images are printed "sideways"—
that is, the width of the image or the page is
greater than the depth, as shown in the illustration. Compare portrait mode.

,

Ardor quarn solebat somnus complexus est.
Africanus se ostendit es forma quae mihi imagine
elus quam ex isso erat notior. Quern ubi agnovi,
quidem cohorrui. Quaesivi tamenvivertne ipse et
Paulus pater et ali quos nos extintos.

Landscape mode.

landscape monitor A monitor that is wider than

it is high. Landscape monitdrs are usually about
33 percent wider than they are high—roughly the
same proportion as a television screen. Compare
full-page display, portrait monitor.
language-description language
See metalanguage.
language processor A hardware device or a software program designed to accept instructions
written in a particular language and translate
them into machine code. If the instructions are
executed as they are translated, the language
processor is an interpreter; if the language processor translates the instructions into lower-level
language without executing them, it is a compiler. See also compiler, interpreter.
language translation program A program that
translates statements written in one language into
another language. Although a compiler is a translator, the term usually refers to programs that
translate between one high-level language and
another, such as a Pascal-to-C translator.
LAN Manager A local area network technology

•

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A thin, flat piece of semiconductor crystal
that is used in the fabrication of integrated circuits. Various etching, doping, and layering techniques are used to create the circuit components
on the surface of the wafer. Usually, multiple
identical integrated cirCuits are formed on the
surface of a single wafer, which is then cut into
individual sections. Each integrated circuit then
has leads attached and is packaged in a plastic,
metal, or ceramic holder.
wafer-scale integration A reference to the fabrication of integrated circuits (ICs) with such a
large number of components that only a single IC
can be fabricated from one wafer. Normally, multiple ICs are formed on a single wafer of semiconductor material, which is then cut apart. See also
wafer.
wait state A pause of one or more clock cycles
during which. a microprocessor waits for data
from an input/output device or from memory.
Wait states are most often used to control the
speed at which the microprocessor receives data
from random access memory (RAM). A wait state
is not noticeable to a human because it is based
on the computer's internal clock, which runs at
millions of cycles per second. Given the speed at
which a computer operates, however, wait states
are, like the speed of the clock itself, a factor that
can slow system performance. In terms of system
memory, "zero wait states" means that the microprocessor does not have to idle for one or more
clock cycles while waiting for data from random
access memory.
WAN See wide area network.
wand Any pen-shaped object, including a graph-

wafer

ics tablet's stylus, but generally the pen-shaped
scanning mechanism used with many bar code
readers. The user passes the tip of the bar code
wand, which contains optical scanning equipment, over a bar code to read it. Compare stylus;
see also optical scanner, scan head.
warm boot A system restart that does not involve
turning on the power and waiting for the computer to check itself and its devices. A warm boot
typically means loading or reloading the computer's operating system. On IBM and compatible personal computers, the user can perform a
warm boot by using the Ctrl-Alt-Del key combination. On Apple Macintosh computers, the user
can request a warm boot with the Restart command on the Special menu.
warm start See warm boot.
watt The unit of electrical power equal to the expenditure of 1 joule of energy in 1 second. The
power of a circuit is a function of the potential
across the circuit and the current flowing through
the circuit. If E = potential, 1 = current, R = resistance, and W = watts, power in watts can be calculated as W = (I) x (E), W = (1 2) X (R), or W
E2/R. A small flashlight uses 1-2 watts, a car radio
has an output of roughly 5 watts, and a toaster
uses approximately 1200 watts. For low-power
circuits, power is often measured in microwatts
(0.000001 watt) or milliwatts (0.001 watt). In
high-power circuits, units of kilowatts (1000
watts) or megawatts (1,000,000 watts) are often
used.
wave Any disturbance or change that has an oscillatory, periodic nature—for example, light or
sound waves. In electronics, wave (or waveform)

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Winchester disk

waveform

is used to refer to the time-amplitude profile of an
electrical signal.
waveform A. general term used to refer to the
manner in which a wave's amplitude changes
over time. See also period, phase, wavelength.
wavelength The distance between successive
peaks or troughs in a periodic signal that is
propagated through space. Wavelength is symbolized by the Greek letter lambda (k). Wavelength is directly related to the frequency of the
signal and the speed of propagation, and it can
be calculated as speed divided by frequency. For
electromagnetic radiation, wavelength in meters
equals 300,000,000 meters per second divided by
frequency in hertz. For sound traveling through
air, wavelength in meters equals 335 meters per
second divided by frequency in hertz.
weak typing A characteristic of a programming
language, such as C, that allows the program to
change the data type of a variable during program execution. Compare strong typing; see also
data type, variable,
weighted code Data representation code in which
each bit position has a specified inherent value,
which might or might not be included in the interpretation of the data, depending on whether
the bit is on or off.
well-behaved An adjective describing a program
that performs properly, even when given extreme or erroneouS input values. A program that
obeys the rules of a particular programming envirônment can also be described as well-behaved.
Operating-system vendors often promise that wellbehaved programs will. be upwardly compatible
with future enhancements of the operating system.
"what-if" gvaluation A kind of spreadsheet evaluation in which certain values in a spreadsheet are
changed in order to reveal the effects of those
changes—for example, trying different mortgage
rates and terms to see the effect on monthly payments and on total interest paid over-tbe life of
the loan. Spreadsheet programs allow values in
an existing model to be changed and recalculated
with little effort, so these programs are considered ideal for the otherwise tedious task of preparing and comparing financial alternatives.

wheel printer See daisy-wheel printer.
Whetstone A benchmark test that attempts to

measure the speed and efficiency with which a
computer carries out floating-point operations.
The result of the test is given in units called whetstones. The Whetstone benchmark has fallen out
of favor because it produces inconsistent results
compared to other benchmarks such as the
Dhrystone and the sieve of Eratosthenes. See also
benchmark, Dhrystone, sieve of Eratosthenes.
white noise Noise that contains components at all
frequencies, at least within the frequency band of
interest. It is called "white" by analogy to white
light, which contains light at all the visible frequencies. In the audible spectrum, white noise is
a hiss or a roar, such as that produced when a
television set is tuned to a channel over which no
station is broadcasting.
whole number A number without a fractional
component—for example, 1 or 123; an integer.
Wide area network A communications network
that connects geographically separated areas.
wideband See broadband network.
widow A single word, a portion of a word, or a
few short words left on a line by themselves at
the end of a paragraph or column of type on a'
page. A widow is considered visually undesiiable
on the printed page. Because it is short, however,
a widow can generally be eliminated by editing
or rebreaking preceding text. Compare orphan.
wildcard character A keyboard character that can
be used to represent one or many characters;
usually encountered with operating systems as a
means of specifying more than one file by name.
In MS-DOS, for example, the question mark (?)
wikicard character can be used to represent any
single character, and the asterisk (*) can be used
to represent any number of characters. Thus,
?OOKDOC would refer to BOOK.DOC,
COOK.DOC, LOOK.DOC, and so on; *.DOC
would refer to any filename ending in the extension .DOC; and *.• would refer to any filename
and any extension—in other words, to all files on
the specified disk or in a specified directory.
Winchester disk An early IBM name for a hard
disk. The term is derived from IBM's internal

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