Motorola Mobility, Inc. v. Apple, Inc.

Filing 94

NOTICE by Motorola Mobility, Inc. of Filing Brief on Claim Construction (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit, # 2 Exhibit, # 3 Exhibit, # 4 Exhibit, # 5 Exhibit, # 6 Exhibit, # 7 Exhibit, # 8 Exhibit, # 9 Exhibit, # 10 Exhibit, # 11 Exhibit, # 12 Exhibit, # 13 Exhibit, # 14 Exhibit, # 15 Exhibit, # 16 Exhibit, # 17 Exhibit, # 18 Exhibit, # 19 Exhibit, # 20 Exhibit, # 21 Exhibit, # 22 Exhibit, # 23 Exhibit, # 24 Exhibit, # 25 Exhibit, # 26 Exhibit, # 27 Exhibit, # 28 Exhibit, # 29 Exhibit, # 30 Exhibit, # 31 Affidavit)(Giuliano, Douglas)

Exhibit 21
to Motorola’s Opening Claim Construction Brief
July 28, 2011

MICROSOFT PRESS"

EXHIBIT 21
PAGE 1

PUBLISHED B
Y
Microsoft Press
A Division of Microsoft Corporation
One Microsoft Way
Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
Copyright O 1991by Microsoft Press, a division of Microsoft Corporation.
All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may
be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without
the written permission of the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData
Microsoft Press computer dictionary : the comprehensive standard for
business, school, library, and home.
p. cm.
ISBN 1-55615-231-0
1. Computers--Dictionaries. 2. Microcomputers--Dictionaries.
I. Microsoft Press.
QA76.15.M54 1991
004.16'03--d~20
91-9304
CIP
Printed and bound in the United States of America.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 MLML 6 5 4 3 2 1
Distributed to the book trade in Canada by Macmillan of Canada, a division
of Canada Publishing Corporation.
Distributed to the book trade outside the United States and Canada by
Penguin Books Ltd.
Penguin Books Ltd., Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England
Penguin Books Australia Ltd., Ringwood, Victoria, Australia
Penguin Books N.Z. Ltd., 182-130 Wairau Road, Auckland 10, New Zealand
British Cataloging-in-PublicationData available.

Acquisitions Editot: Majorie Schlaikjer
Project Editot: Mary Ann Jones
TechnicalEditors: David Rygmyr, Jeff Hinsch, Mary DeJong, Dail Magee, Jr.
Manuscript Editor: Pamela Beason
Copy Editor: Alice Copp Smith

EXHIBIT 21
PAGE 2

dent of all other trials; and the probability of success for each trial is constant. A binomial distribution can be used to calculate the probability
of getting a specified number of successes in a
fJernoulli process. For example, the binomial distribution can be used to calculate the probability of
getting a seven three times when a pair of dice is
rolled twenty times.
bionics The study of living organisms-their characteristics and the ways they function-with a
view toward creating hardware that can simulate or
duplicate the activities of a biological system. See
also cybernetics.
BIOS pronounced "bye-ose"; acronym for basic
input/o~tputsystem, a set of routines that work
closely with the hardware to support the transfer of
information between elements of the system, such
as memory, disks, and the monitor. On IBM and
compatible computers, the BIOS, or ROM BIOS, is
built into the machine's read-only memory (ROM).
Although critical to performance, the BIOS is invisible to computer users. The BIOS can, however,
be accessed by programmers.
bipolar Literally, having two opposite states, such
as positive and negative. In information transfer
and processing, a bipolar signal is one in which opposite voltage polarities represent on and off, as in
a communications signal, or true and false, as in a
logic circuit. Compare unipolar; see also nonreturn
to zero.
In electronics, bipolar refers to a type of transistor. See also transistor.
BIS See business information system.
bistable A term describing a system or device that
has two pssible states, such as ON and OFF. See

Synchronizing
characters

I

Optional
header

also flip-flop.
bistable circuit Any circuit that has only two stable
states. The transition between the two stable states
must be initiated from outside the circuit. A bistable circuit is capable of storing one bit of
information.
bistable multivibrator See flip-flop.
BISYNC Pronounced "bye-sink." Acronym for binary synchronous communications protocol, a
communications standard developed by IBM.
BISYNC transmissions are encoded in either ASCII
or EBCDIC. Messages can be of any length and ai-e
sent in units called frames, optionally preceded by
a message header. Because BISYNC uses synchronous transmission, in which message elements
are separated by a specific time interval, each
frame is preceded and followed by special characters that enable the sending and receiving machines to synchronize their clocks. The basic
structure of a BISYNC frame is shown in the illustration. STX and ETX are control characters that
mark the beginning and end of the message text;
BCC is a set of characters used to verify the accuracy o transmission.
f
bit Short for binary digit; either 1or 0 in the binary
number system. In processing and storage, a bit is
the smallest unit of information handled by a computer and is represented physically by an element
such as a single pulse sent through a circuit or a
small spot on a magnetic disk capable of storing either a 1or a 0. Considered singly, bits convey little
information a human would consider meaningful.
In groups of eight, however, bits become the familiar bytes used to represent all types of information,
including the letters of the alphabet and the digits 0
Final synchronizing
characters

S'JX

Message

l

ETX BCC

l

BISYNC. 2Be structure o a BISWCframe.
f

EXHIBIT 21
PAGE 3

I

through 9. See also ASCII, binary, byte.
bit block In computer graphics and display, a rectangular group of pixels treated as a unit. Bit blocks
are so named because they are, literally, blocks of
bits describing the pixels' display characteristics,
such as color and intensity. Programmers use bit
blocks and a technique called bit block transfer
(bitblt) to rapidly display or animate images on the
screen. See also bit block transfer.
bit block transfer Also called bitblt (pronounced
"bit-blit"). In graphics display and animation, a
programming technique that manipulates, in
memory, rectangular blocks of bits representing
the color and other attributes of the pixels forming
a screen image. The image described can range
from a cursor to a cartoon. Bit block transfers involve moving these bit blocks through a computer's video RAM as a unit so they can be rapidly
displayed in a desired location on the screen. Bit
block transfers can also involve altering the descriptions of the bits/pixels composing an image;
for example, light and dark portions of an image
can be reversed. Successive displays can thus be
used to change the appearance of an image or to
move it around on the screen. Some computers,
such as the Commodore Amiga, contain special
graphics hardware for manipulating bit blocks on
the screen independently of the contents of the rest
of the screen. This speeds the animation of small
shapes because a program needn't constantly compare and redraw the background around the moving shape. See also sprite.
bitblt See bit block transfer.
bit bucket An imaginary location into which data
can be discarded. A bit bucket is a null input/output device from which no data is read and to which
data can be written without effect. The NUL device
recognized by MS-DOS is a bit bucket. A directory
listing, for example, simply disappears when seht
to NUL.
bit density A measure of the amount of information per unit of linear distance or surface area in a
storage medium or per unit of time in a communications pipeline.
bit flipping A process of inverting bits-changing
1's to 0's and vice versa. For example, in a graphics

program, to invert a black-and-white bit-mapped
image (to change black to white and -vice versa),
the program could simply flip the bits that compose the bit map.
bit image A sequential collection of bits that represents, in memory, an image to be displayed on the
screen, particularly in systems having a graphical
user interface. Each bit in a bit image corresponds
to one pixel (dot) on the screen. The screen itself,
for example, represents a single bit image; similarly, the dot patterns for all the characters in a font
represent a bit image of the font. On a computer
such as the Macintosh 512K,which has a black-andwhite screen, the bit values in a bit image can be either 0,to display white, or 1, to display black. The
"pattern" of 0's and 1's in the bit image then determines the pattern of white and black dots forming
an image on the screen. On a Macintosh or other
computer that supports color, the corresponding
description of on-screen bits is called a pixel image
because more than one bit is needed to represent
each pixel. See also bit map, pixel image.
bit manipulation Working with individual bits
rather than using the much more common-and
generally simpler- process of manipulating bytes
or 2-bvte words.
bitmap See bit map.
bit map In general, a bit image. Specifically, a data
structure that describes a bit image being held in
memory, such as its location in memory and its size.
See also bit image, pixel image.
bit-mappedfont A set of characters in a particular
size and style, in which each character is described
as a unique bit map (pattern of dots). See the illustration. Macintosh screen fonts are examples of bitmapped fonts. See also downloadable font, outline

Mt-~p$~d
font.
Each character b composed o a f p

EXHIBIT 21
PAGE 4

o &Ms.
f