Motorola Mobility, Inc. v. Apple, Inc.

Filing 94

NOTICE by Motorola Mobility, Inc. of Filing Brief on Claim Construction (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit, # 2 Exhibit, # 3 Exhibit, # 4 Exhibit, # 5 Exhibit, # 6 Exhibit, # 7 Exhibit, # 8 Exhibit, # 9 Exhibit, # 10 Exhibit, # 11 Exhibit, # 12 Exhibit, # 13 Exhibit, # 14 Exhibit, # 15 Exhibit, # 16 Exhibit, # 17 Exhibit, # 18 Exhibit, # 19 Exhibit, # 20 Exhibit, # 21 Exhibit, # 22 Exhibit, # 23 Exhibit, # 24 Exhibit, # 25 Exhibit, # 26 Exhibit, # 27 Exhibit, # 28 Exhibit, # 29 Exhibit, # 30 Exhibit, # 31 Affidavit)(Giuliano, Douglas)

Exhibit 28
to Motorola’s Opening Claim Construction Brief
July 28, 2011

MICROSOFTPRESS®

~·OMPUTER.··
..--.

·.··CTIONARy·
SECOND

EDITION

••

---------.~~~--

. THE COMPREHENSIVE·
STANDARD ·FOR
BUSINESS, SCHOOL,

LIBRARY, AND HOME

EXHIBIT 28
PAGE 1

PUBLISHED BY
Microsoft Press
A Division of Microsoft Corporation
One Microsoft Way
Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
Copyright © 1994 by Microsoft Press
All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Microsoft Press computer dictionary : the comprehensive standard for
business, school, library, and home / Microsoft Press. -- 2nd ed.
p.' cm.
ISBN 1-55615-597-2
1. Computers--Dictionaries. 2. Microcomputers--Dictionaries.
1. Microsoft Press. II. Title: Computer dictionary.
QA76.15.M54 1993
004'.03--dc20
93-29868
. CIP
Printed and bound in the United States of America.
56 78 9

MLML 9 8 7 6 5

Distributed to the book trade in Canada by Macmillan of Canada, a division of Canada
Publishing Corporation.
Distributed to the book trade outside the United States and Canada by
Penguin Books Ltd.
Penguin Books Ltd., Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England
Penguin Books Australia Ltd., Ringwood, Victoria, Australia
Penguin Books N.Z. Ltd., 182-190 Wairau Road, Auckland 10, New Zealand
British Cataioging-in-Publication Data available.

Project Editor: Casey D. Doyle
Manuscript Editor: Alice Copp Smith
Technical Editors: Mary De]ong,]eff Carey, Dail Magee,] r., Jim Fuchs', Seth McEvoy

EXHIBIT 28
PAGE 2

communications

COMMAND.COM

menu with the keyboard· or with an alternative-.
input d,evice such as a mouse,
.
COMMAND.COM The command interpreter for
MS-DOS. See also command interpreter.
command-driven system A system in which the
user initiates operations by a command entered
from the console. Compare graphical user interface; see also command-line interface.
command interpreter A program, usually part·
of the operating system, that accepts typed com- .
mands from the keyboard and performs tasks as
directed. The command interpreter is respon~ible
for loading applications and directing the flow of
information between applications. In OS/2 and
MS-DOS, the command interpreter also handles
simple functions such as moving and copying
files and displaying disk directory information.
See also shell.
Command key On the original Apple Macintosh
keyboard, a key labeled with the special symbol
g:g, sometimes called the propeller or puppy foot.
On the newer Apple ADB and Extended key~
boards, the Command key merged with the Apple
key' used on earlier Apple II keyboards. This key is
found on one or both sides of the Spacebar, depending on the version of the Apple keyboard.
The key serves some of the same functions as the
Control key on IBM keyboards. When pressed at .
the same time as a character key, it serves as a
shortcut to making menu selections or, executing
other functions that otherwise require multiple
keystrokes or mouse movements.
command language The set of keywords and expressions that are accepted as valid by the command interpreter. See also command interpreter.
command lineA string of text written in the
command language and passed to the command
interpreter for execution. See also command.
cOmnland-line interface A form of interface between the operating .system and the user in
which the user types commands, using a special
command language. Systems with command-line
interfaces are usually considered more difficult to
learn and .use than those with graphical inter~
faces. However, command-based systems are
usually programmable; this gives them flexibility

unavailable in graphics-based systems that do
not have a programming interface. Compare
graphical user interface.
command mode A mode of operation in which a
program waits for a command to be issued; command mode thus differs from insert mode On
which text can be added to a document) and edit
mode On which a document can be modified).
command processing See cOrnmaJ;ld-driven system.
command processor See command interpreter.
command shell See shell.
command state The state in which a modem accepts commands, such as· a command to dial a
telephone number. Compare online state.
comment Also called remark. Text embedded in
. a program for documentation purposes. Comments usually describe what the program does,
who wrote it; why it, was changed, and so on .
Mostprbgramming languages have a syntax for
creating comments so that the comments will be
ignored by the compiler or assembler. See also
comment out.
comment out To temporarily disable one or more·
liries of code from a program by enclosing them
within a comment statement. See also comment,
conditional compilation, nesting.
common carrier A communications company,
such as a telephone company, that provides service to the public and is regulated by governmental organizations.
communications The vast discipline: encompassing the methods, mechanisms, and medi~ involved
. in information transfer. In computer-related areas,
communications involves data transfer from one
computer to another through a communications
medium, such as a telephone, a microwave relay,
a satellite Unk, or a physical cable. Two primary
methods of computer communications exist:'
temporary connection of two computers via modems and permanent or semipermanent linking
. of multiple workstations or computers on a network. The line between the two is indistinct, however, because microcomputers equipped with
modems are often used to access both privately
owned and public-access network computers.

EXHIBIT 28
PAGE 3

Communications Act of 1934

communications protocol

Hardware and software used in modem-based
communications is different from but related to
that used in netWork-based communications. For
example, modem-to-modem communications
can use public teiephone and other communications carriers for one-way or two-way transmissions between computers. Networks, on the other
hand, might rely more on dedicated phone .lines
and switching systems ot, in the case of local area
networks, on machine-to-machine cabling. Because of the potential volume of traffic, networks
also use sophisticated transport mechanisms and
error-catching procedures .to route and store
messages sent to and from authorized users. Compare data transmission, telecommunications, teleprocessing; see also asynchronous transmission,
CCnT, channel, communications protocol, IEEE,
ISDN, ISO/OSI model, LAN, modem, network,
synchronous transmission.
Communications Act of 1934 See FCC.
communications channel See channel.
communications controller A device used as
an intermediary in transferring communications
to and from the host computer to· which it is connected. A communications controller is dedicated
to data transmission; communications lines run to
and from the controller, rather than the computer. By relieving the host computer of the actual tasks of sending, receiving, deciphering, and
checking transmissions for errors, a communications controller helps to make efficient use of
the host computer's processing time-time that
might be better used for noncommunications
tasks. A communications controller can be either
a programmable machine in its own right or a
non programmable device designed to follow certain communications protocols. See also frontend processor.
communications link The connection between
computers that enables data transfer.
communications network See network.
communications parameter Any of several settings required in order to enable computers to
communicate. In asynchronous communications,
for example, modem speed, number of data bits
and stop bits, and type of parity are parameters

that must be set correctly to establish communication between two modems.
communications program A software program
that enables a computer to connect with another
computer and to exchange information. Communications programs for microcomputers provide
several services. For initiating communications,
they perform such tasks as maintaining settings
(such as modem speed, parity, and handshaking)
required to establish a viable connection be-·
tween computers; storing and dialing phone numbers automatically; recording and executing login
procedures; and repeatedly dialing busy lines.
Once a connection is made, communications
programs can also be instructed to save incoming
messages on disk or to find and transmit disk
files. During communication, communications programs perform the major, and usually invisible,
tasks of encoding data, coordinating transmissions to and from the distant computer, and
checking incoming data for transmission errors.
communications protocol A set of rules or standards designed to enable computers to connect
with one another and to exchange information
with as little error as possible. The protocol generally accepted for standardizing overall computer communications is a seven-layer set of
hardware and software guidelines known as the
OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model. A
somewhat different standard, widely used before
the OSI model was developed, is IBM's SNA (Systems Network Archit~cture). However, protocols
exist within protocols, all affecting different as. pects of communication. Thus, the word protocol
is used, sometimes confusingly, in reference to a
multitude of standards affecting different aspects
of communication. Some, such as the RS-232-C
standard, affect hardware connections. Other
standards govern data transmission; among these
are the parameters and handshaking signals
(such as XON/XOFF) used in asynchronous
(typically, modem) communications, as well as
such data-coding methods as bit-oriented and
byte-oriented protocols. Still other protocols,
such as the widely used XMODEM, govern file
transfer, and others yet, such as CSMAlCD, define

83
EXHIBIT 28
PAGE 4