Overture Services, Inc. v. Google Inc.

Filing 116

Declaration of Ravind S. Grewal in Support of 115 Google's Responsive Claim Construction Brief filed by Google Inc.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1# 2 Exhibit 2# 3 Exhibit 3# 4 Exhibit 4# 5 Exhibit 5# 6 Exhibit 6# 7 Exhibit 7# 8 Exhibit 8# 9 Exhibit 9# 10 Exhibit 10# 11 Exhibit 11# 12 Exhibit 12# 13 Exhibit 13# 14 Exhibit 14# 15 Exhibit 15# 16 Exhibit 16# 17 Exhibit 17# 18 Exhibit 18# 19 Exhibit 19# 20 Exhibit 20# 21 Exhibit 21# 22 Exhibit 22# 23 Exhibit 23# 24 Exhibit 24# 25 Exhibit 25# 26 Exhibit 26# 27 Exhibit 27# 28 Exhibit 28# 29 Exhibit 29# 30 Exhibit 30)(Related document(s) 115 ) (Grewal, Ravind) (Filed on 1/30/2004)

Overture Services, Inc. v. Google Inc.

Doc. 116 Att. 27

Case 3:02-cv-01991-JSW

Document 116-28

Filed 01/30/2004

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EXHIBIT

Dockets.Justia.com

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Case 3:02-cv-01991-JSW

Document 116-28

Filed 01/30/2004

FUNDAMENTALS OF DATABASE SYSTEMS
Ramez, Elmasri
Department of Computer Science University of Houston

Shamkant B. N avathe
Database Systems ReseaIch and Development Center Department of Computer and Information Sciences University of Florida

The Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, lnc. Redwood Ciry, California ' Fon Collins, Colorado Menlo Park, California' Reading, Massachusem . New York Don Mills , Onrario . Wokingham. U. K. . Amsrerdam . Bonn Sydney . Singapore' Tokyo . Madrid . San Juan

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Case 3:02-cv-01991-JSW

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Sponsoring Editor: Alan R. Apt Associate Editor: Mark McCormick Production, EditOr: Mary B. Shields
Text and Cover design: Hal Lockwood

Copy EditOr. Mary Prescott Composition: Graphic Typesetting Service/CoordinatOr: Typesetter: Rebecca Herren

Sharon Squires

Cover Art: " SandstOne

. Original hand pulled limited edition serigraph by Tetsuro Sawada. Image size. 3.5" x 22- 3/4" . Edition size, 60. nd distributor: With thanks to Galerie de Metropolitan, La Jolla, CA. Exclusive Sawada publisher a Buschelen/Mowatt Fine Arcs Ltd. 111- 1445 West Georgia Street. Vancouver, Canada V6G 2T3. , as developed by The basic text of this book was designed using the Modular Design System
Wendy Earl and Design Office Bruce Kortebein.

Copyright (Q 1989 by Ramez Elmasri and Shamkanc 8.

Navathe

reproduced, stOred in a retrieval system, or All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be , in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photOcopying, recording. or transmitted publisher. Printed in the United Scates of otherwise, without the prior written permission of the America. Published simultaneously in Canada.

Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
Elmasri, Ramez. Fundamentals of database systems.
Bibliography: p. 751

Includes indexes.

1. Data base management. 2.
QA76.

DJE57 1989 005. 74

Data base design.

1. Navathe. Sham.

II. Title.

88-35001

ISBN 0- 8053- 0145-

BCDEFGHlj- MU- 8932

109

Dte Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc.
390 Bridge Parkway Redwood City, California 94065

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CHAPTER

Databases and
Database Users

1.1

Introduction

Databases and database technology are having a major impact on the growing use of compurers. It is fair ro say that databases will playa critical role in almost all are~s where compurers are used. including business, engineering, medicine , law, education, and library science, ro name a few. The word " darabase " is in such common use that we must begin by defining what a database is. Our initial definicion is quite general. A database is a collection of related data. * By data, we mean known faces that can

be recorded and char have implicit meaning. For example, consider the names , telephone numbers . and addresses of all the peopte you know. You may have recorded this
data in an indexed address book, or you may have scored it on a diskette using a personal computer and software such as DBASE II! or Lotus I. 2. 3. This is a collection of related

data with an implicit meaning and hence is a database. The above definition of database is quite general; for example, we may consider the collection of words that make up this page of text to be related data and hence a database. However, the common use of the term database is usually more resuicted. A database has the following implicit properties:

. A database is a logically coherent collection of data with some inherent meaning. A random assortment of data cannOt be referred to as a database.
*We will use the word MUJ tn both singular and plural, which is common in database literature, Context will determine whether it is singular or plural. In standard English, data is used only as the plural; datum is used as
the singular.

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ORD STORAGE AND PRIMARY FILE O. .

disk block:

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fill A

i+2
fill A
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i+3
fill B
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fill A

fill B
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process A

process B

i+4 process A

PROCESSING:

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Figure 4.4

Use of twO buffers A and B for reading from disk

Record Types
Data is usually stOred in the form of records.

ed data values or items, where
responds to a

Each record consistS of a collection of relateach value is formed of one or more bytes and cor-

particular field of the record. Records usually describe emities, their attributes, and their relationships. For example . an EMPLOYEE record represems an employee emity. and each field value in the record specifies some attribute or relationship
of chat employe~, such as NAME , BIRTHDATE, SALARY, or SUPERVISOR.
A

collection of field
or record format

names and their corresponding data types constitUtes a record type definition. A data type, associated with each field, specifies the type of values a field
can take.

The data type of a field is usually

one of the standard data types used in program-

ming. These include numeric (imeger, long integer, or real number), string of characters only), and (fixed length or varying), Boolean (having 0 and 1 or TRUE and FALSE values of bytes required for each data sometimes specially coded date data types. The number

type is fixed for a given computer system. An integer may require 4 bytes imo an 8 bytes, a real number 4 bytes , a Boolean 1 byte, a date 4 bytes (tocode the date length strings may relength string ofk characters k bytes. Variableimeger), and a fixed-

, a long integer

quire as many bytes as there are characters in each field value. For example record type may be defined-using PASCAL notation-as follows:
RECORD TYPE NAME

, an EMPLOYEE

FIELD NAMES
NAME
SSN
SALARY

type EMPLOYEE

= record

DATA TYPES : packed array (1..30! of character; : packed array (1..91 of character;

jOBCODE
DEPARTMENT

: imeger; : imeger;
: packed array 11..tOj of character

end;

4.4.
A file is a

Files , Fixed,Lengrh Records
seq...ence

and Variable, Length

Records

of records. In many cases, all records in a file are of the same record co be type. If every record in the file has exactly the sarne size (in bytes), the file is said

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